HESI LPN
HESI Practice Test Pharmacology
1. A client with heart failure develops hyperaldosteronism. What dietary recommendation is essential for managing this condition?
- A. Limit intake of high potassium foods
- B. Replace salt with salt substitute
- C. Monitor skin for excessive bruising
- D. Cover your skin before going outside
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hyperaldosteronism can lead to increased potassium retention, which can be problematic for individuals with heart failure. Limiting intake of high potassium foods is crucial to prevent hyperkalemia, a condition that can worsen heart failure. Therefore, advising the client to limit high potassium foods is essential in managing hyperaldosteronism in the setting of heart failure.
2. A client with schizophrenia is prescribed risperidone. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. I can stop taking this medication once I feel better.
- B. This medication may cause drowsiness.
- C. This medication might make me feel drowsy.
- D. I should avoid alcohol while taking this medication.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Clients should not stop taking risperidone abruptly once they feel better without consulting their healthcare provider.
3. What action should be taken six days after starting a prescription for oral amoxicillin solution?
- A. Determine if any other symptoms have developed
- B. Advise the use of over-the-counter antipyretics
- C. Instruct the client to increase oral fluid intake
- D. Ask if the medication has been kept refrigerated
Correct answer: A
Rationale: It is important to monitor for any new symptoms that may indicate a worsening condition or side effects when taking oral amoxicillin solution. This proactive approach helps in assessing the effectiveness and safety of the medication.
4. A client with major depressive disorder is prescribed bupropion. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. This medication may cause weight gain.
- B. This medication may take several weeks to take effect.
- C. I should avoid alcohol while taking this medication.
- D. I should take this medication in the morning with food.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because bupropion is associated with weight loss rather than weight gain. It is important for the client to be aware of this potential side effect. Choice B is correct because bupropion may take several weeks to exhibit its full therapeutic effects. Choice C is also accurate as alcohol consumption should be avoided while taking bupropion due to the risk of seizures. Choice D is correct as taking bupropion in the morning with food can help reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.
5. A client is prescribed nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. The practical nurse should reinforce which instruction?
- A. Store the tablets in a cool, dry place.
- B. Take one tablet every 5 minutes until pain is relieved, up to three tablets.
- C. Swallow the tablets whole.
- D. Chew the tablets for faster relief.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets are sensitive to heat and moisture, so they should be stored in a cool, dry place to maintain their efficacy. Storing them in a cool, dry place helps prevent degradation of the medication. Choice B is incorrect because nitroglycerin tablets should be taken as directed by the healthcare provider to avoid potential overdose or adverse effects. Choice C is incorrect because sublingual tablets should be placed under the tongue to dissolve and be absorbed, not swallowed, to ensure their quick action. Choice D is incorrect because sublingual tablets should not be chewed; they are meant to be absorbed through the tissues under the tongue, and chewing them may alter their effectiveness.
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