HESI LPN
Adult Health 2 Final Exam
1. A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is receiving erythropoietin therapy. What is the primary purpose of this medication?
- A. To lower blood pressure
- B. To improve appetite
- C. To increase red blood cell production
- D. To reduce fluid retention
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'To increase red blood cell production.' Erythropoietin stimulates the production of red blood cells to treat anemia associated with CKD. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because erythropoietin therapy is primarily used to address anemia by increasing the production of red blood cells rather than lowering blood pressure, improving appetite, or reducing fluid retention.
2. An older male resident of a long-term care facility has been scratching his legs for the past 2 days. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Explain the importance of bathing or showering daily
- B. Encourage fluid intake of at least 2,000 ml daily
- C. Keep the legs covered as much as possible
- D. Apply emollient to the affected area at least twice daily
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct intervention for the nurse to implement in this scenario is to apply emollient to the affected area at least twice daily. This is because applying emollients helps address dry skin, which is a common cause of itching in older adults. Explaining the importance of bathing or showering daily (Choice A) may be helpful for general hygiene but may not specifically address the itching. Encouraging fluid intake (Choice B) and keeping the legs covered (Choice C) are not directly related to addressing the itching caused by dry skin.
3. The nurse is monitoring a client who started taking a new medication for rheumatoid arthritis. What is the most important aspect to monitor?
- A. Signs of gastrointestinal bleeding
- B. Liver function tests
- C. Renal function tests
- D. All necessary monitoring based on the medication prescribed
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When a client starts a new medication for rheumatoid arthritis, it is crucial to monitor all necessary aspects based on the specific medication prescribed. Different medications can have varying side effects and impacts on different organ systems. Monitoring all relevant parameters ensures the early detection of any adverse effects and helps to maintain the client's safety. While monitoring for signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, liver function tests, and renal function tests are all important in certain situations, the priority is to conduct comprehensive monitoring based on the medication's known effects.
4. Health activities are designed to:
- A. prevent people from being exposed to germs
- B. ignore spiritual factors as they can confuse medical issues
- C. increase communities' control over their health and well-being
- D. ensure that the community health nurse leads health programs
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Health activities are structured to enhance communities' autonomy and influence over their health and well-being, aiming to empower them to make informed choices and take control of their health. Choice A is incorrect as health activities encompass a broader scope beyond just preventing exposure to germs. Choice B is incorrect because spiritual factors are crucial components that should not be disregarded in healthcare. Choice D is incorrect as health activities are not solely about the community health nurse being in charge, but about empowering the community as a whole.
5. Which neonatal complications are associated with hypertension in the mother?
- A. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and prematurity.
- B. Seizures and cerebral hemorrhage.
- C. Hepatic or renal dysfunction.
- D. Placental abruption and DIC.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Neonatal complications associated with maternal hypertension are primarily due to placental insufficiency. The correct answer is A, which includes Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) and prematurity. These complications arise from inadequate blood flow to the fetus, leading to growth restriction and premature birth. Choices B, seizures, and cerebral hemorrhage are more commonly maternal complications rather than neonatal ones. Choice C, hepatic or renal dysfunction, pertains to maternal complications of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, not neonatal issues. Choice D, placental abruption, and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) are conditions linked to maternal morbidity and mortality, not neonatal complications.