Nursing Elites

1. A client with a fractured femur is in Buck's traction. The nurse should assess for which of the following complications?

• A. Foot drop
• B. Urinary retention
• C. Constipation
• D. Muscle spasms

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Foot drop is a potential complication of prolonged immobility and improper positioning in traction. In Buck's traction, the lower extremity is suspended to immobilize and align the fractured femur. Prolonged suspension of the leg in traction can lead to nerve damage, specifically to the common peroneal nerve, resulting in foot drop. Urinary retention, constipation, and muscle spasms are not directly associated with Buck's traction and a fractured femur.

2. All of the following are objectives of FHSIS EXCEPT:

• A. To complete the clinical picture of chronic diseases and describe their natural history
• B. To provide a standardized, facility-level database that can be accessed for more in-depth studies
• C. To minimize recording and reporting burden, allowing more time for patient care and promotive activities
• D. To ensure that data reported are useful and accurate and are disseminated in a timely and easy-to-use fashion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Completing the clinical picture of chronic diseases and describing their natural history is not an objective of FHSIS. The objectives of FHSIS include providing a standardized, facility-level database for more in-depth studies (B), minimizing recording and reporting burden to allow more time for patient care and promotive activities (C), and ensuring that reported data are useful, accurate, and disseminated in a timely and easy-to-use manner (D). Therefore, A is the exception among the listed objectives.

3. Which presentation of an infectious disease is acquired through an indirect transmission?

• A. Syphilis contracted from a sexual partner.
• B. Measles resulting from a daycare center outbreak.
• C. Malaria following exposure in a mosquito-infested area.
• D. Nosocomial influenza spreading rapidly in a long-term care center.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Malaria is transmitted indirectly through mosquito bites. Choice A is incorrect as syphilis is acquired through direct contact with an infected sexual partner. Choice B is incorrect as measles can be transmitted through respiratory droplets in close contact settings like daycare centers. Choice D is incorrect as nosocomial influenza spreads within healthcare facilities through direct contact or droplets.

4. As a community health nurse engaged in the process of community empowerment, which action is essential for you to take?

• A. Gathering data from the community
• B. Making decisions for people in the community
• C. Forming partnerships with people in the community
• D. Accepting responsibility for people’s actions

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the process of community empowerment, forming partnerships with people in the community is essential. This fosters collaboration, engagement, and shared decision-making, enabling the community to identify its needs, resources, and priorities. Gathering data from the community (Choice A) is important for understanding the community's health status but forming partnerships goes beyond data collection by actively involving community members in decision-making. Making decisions for people in the community (Choice B) undermines empowerment as it takes away their autonomy and control. Accepting responsibility for people’s actions (Choice D) is not synonymous with empowerment and can lead to disempowerment by creating dependency rather than fostering self-reliance and self-determination.

5. A client presents at a community-based clinic with complaints of shortness of breath, headache, dizziness, and nausea. During the assessment, the nurse learns that the client is a migrant worker who often uses a gasoline-powered pressure washer to clean equipment and farm buildings. Which type of poisoning is the most likely etiology of this client's symptoms?

• A. asbestos
• B. silica dust
• C. histoplasmosis
• D. carbon monoxide

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The client's symptoms of shortness of breath, headache, dizziness, and nausea are indicative of carbon monoxide poisoning, which can result from exposure to gasoline-powered equipment like pressure washers. Asbestos (Choice A) exposure would typically present with respiratory issues and cancer but not the rapid onset of symptoms described. Silica dust (Choice B) exposure is associated with respiratory conditions like silicosis, not the multisystem symptoms in the scenario. Histoplasmosis (Choice C) is a fungal infection that primarily affects the lungs and is not related to the client's exposure to a gasoline-powered pressure washer.

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