HESI LPN
Pediatric Practice Exam HESI
1. When developing the plan of care for a child with cerebral palsy, which treatment would the nurse expect as least likely?
- A. Skeletal traction
- B. Physical therapy
- C. Orthotics
- D. Occupational therapy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In caring for a child with cerebral palsy, skeletal traction is least likely to be a part of the treatment plan. Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder affecting movement and muscle coordination, and skeletal traction, which involves applying a pulling force on a bone to correct alignment, is not a common intervention for this condition. Physical therapy, orthotics, and occupational therapy are more commonly used in the management of cerebral palsy. Physical therapy helps improve mobility and strength, orthotics assist in supporting and aligning the body, and occupational therapy focuses on enhancing daily living skills and independence. Therefore, skeletal traction is the least likely treatment option among the choices provided.
2. What is the significance of patient advocacy in nursing?
- A. Prioritizing the needs of the healthcare team over the patient
- B. Ensuring that patients' rights and preferences are respected
- C. Limiting patient autonomy
- D. Focusing solely on clinical procedures
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Patient advocacy in nursing entails ensuring that patients' rights and preferences are respected. This involves advocating for the patients' best interests, supporting informed decision-making, and safeguarding their autonomy. Choice A is incorrect because patient advocacy focuses on the patient's needs, not the healthcare team's. Choice C is incorrect as patient advocacy aims to empower patients and enhance their autonomy rather than limiting it. Choice D is incorrect since patient advocacy goes beyond clinical procedures to encompass holistic care that addresses the patients' preferences and rights.
3. Why must a child with acute laryngotracheobronchitis be kept NPO?
- A. The epinephrine administration may cause nausea and vomiting
- B. The child is being hydrated with IV fluids
- C. The child may not feel hungry
- D. Rapid respirations pose a risk for aspiration
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In acute laryngotracheobronchitis, rapid respirations increase the risk of aspiration due to compromised airway protection and potential for secretions to enter the lungs. Keeping the child NPO helps prevent the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Choice A is incorrect because epinephrine is not typically used for laryngotracheobronchitis. Choice B is incorrect as hydration with IV fluids does not eliminate the risk of aspiration. Choice C is also incorrect because the child being hungry is not the primary reason for keeping them NPO in this condition.
4. What is one function of water in the human body?
- A. Water provides calories for energy.
- B. Water helps transport nutrients and waste products.
- C. Water acts as a solvent for many biological reactions.
- D. Water maintains body temperature.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Water helps transport nutrients and waste products. Water plays a crucial role in the body by aiding in the transportation of essential nutrients to cells and removing waste products. While water is essential for various metabolic processes, it does not provide calories for energy (choice A). Although water can act as a solvent for biological reactions (choice C), its primary function is not as a solvent. Additionally, while water does help in regulating body temperature to some extent, its main role is not to maintain body temperature (choice D).
5. A nurse is developing a care plan for a client with chronic pain. What interventions should be included to help manage pain?
- A. Administer pain medication around the clock
- B. Teach relaxation techniques
- C. Encourage physical activity
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In managing chronic pain, it is essential to employ a multi-faceted approach. Administering pain medication around the clock helps maintain consistent pain relief. Teaching relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or guided imagery can help reduce muscle tension and promote relaxation, which can alleviate pain. Encouraging physical activity, tailored to the client's abilities, can help improve overall physical functioning and reduce pain perception. Therefore, combining all these interventions (pain medication, relaxation techniques, and physical activity) provides a comprehensive approach to pain management, addressing different aspects of the client's experience with chronic pain. This holistic approach is more effective than using a single intervention alone, making 'All of the above' the correct choice.