HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI Practice Questions
1. While performing a visual inspection of a 30-year-old woman in active labor, you can see the umbilical cord at the vaginal opening. After providing high concentration oxygen, you should next
- A. massage the uterus to facilitate delivery of the fetus
- B. relieve pressure from the cord with your gloved fingers
- C. place the mother on her left side and provide rapid transport
- D. elevate the mother's lower extremities and provide immediate transport
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In the scenario described, when the umbilical cord is visible at the vaginal opening, the priority is to relieve pressure from the cord with gloved fingers. This action helps prevent cord compression and ensures continued oxygenation to the fetus, which is crucial for the baby's well-being. Massaging the uterus or elevating the mother's lower extremities is not the correct course of action in this situation and may potentially worsen the condition. Placing the mother on her left side and providing rapid transport is not the immediate step needed to address the visible umbilical cord; relieving pressure from the cord takes precedence to maintain fetal oxygen supply.
2. How should the nurse measure urinary output for an infant with dehydration?
- A. Attaching a urine collecting bag
- B. Wringing out the diaper
- C. Weighing the diaper
- D. Inserting a catheter
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct way to measure urinary output for an infant with dehydration is by weighing the diaper. Wet diapers are weighed to assess the amount of output accurately. Attaching a urine collecting bag and inserting a catheter are invasive methods not typically used for routine measurement of urinary output in infants. Wringing out the diaper can lead to inaccurate measurements and is not a recommended method for assessing urinary output.
3. A client with a left leg cast is being taught how to use crutches. Which of the following statements should indicate to the nurse that the client understands the teaching?
- A. When descending stairs, I will first shift my weight to my right (unaffected) leg.
- B. I will use crutches to support my weight on my left leg.
- C. When ascending stairs, I will lead with my left leg.
- D. I will keep my crutches under my arms for support.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Shifting weight to the unaffected leg when descending stairs is crucial for maintaining balance and safety. This technique helps prevent falls and distributes weight appropriately. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because using crutches to support the weight on the injured leg, leading with the injured leg when ascending stairs, and keeping crutches under the arms are all potentially unsafe practices that could lead to further injury or accidents.
4. What is an important aspect of the care plan for a child with eczema?
- A. Use of steroid creams
- B. Frequent antibiotic therapy
- C. High-protein diet
- D. Daily baths in hot water
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use of steroid creams. Steroid creams are commonly used in the management of eczema to reduce inflammation and itching, thus improving the skin condition and comfort of the child. Choice B, frequent antibiotic therapy, is incorrect as antibiotics are not typically used to treat eczema unless there is a secondary bacterial infection. Choice C, a high-protein diet, is not a specific recommendation for eczema treatment. Choice D, daily baths in hot water, is not recommended for eczema care as hot water can exacerbate the condition by drying out the skin.
5. The nurse is assessing a client with hyperkalemia. Which finding is consistent with this electrolyte imbalance?
- A. Muscle weakness
- B. Decreased deep tendon reflexes
- C. Constipation
- D. Hypotension
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Muscle weakness is a common finding in clients with hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia can lead to muscle weakness due to the effect of high potassium levels on muscle function. Decreased deep tendon reflexes (Choice B) are not typically associated with hyperkalemia; instead, hyperreflexia or increased reflexes may be observed. Constipation (Choice C) is not a common symptom of hyperkalemia. Hypotension (Choice D) is also not a typical finding in hyperkalemia; instead, hypertension or normal blood pressure may be present.