Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a macronutrient?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Iron
• C. Calcium
• D. Fiber

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fiber. Macronutrients are nutrients required by the body in larger amounts, and they include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that falls under this category. Vitamin C (choice A) is a water-soluble vitamin, Iron (choice B) is a mineral, and Calcium (choice C) is also a mineral, not a macronutrient. Therefore, Fiber is the only macronutrient listed in the choices.

2. What is a common treatment for a child with a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

• A. Intravenous antibiotics
• B. Oral antibiotics
• C. Increased fluid intake only
• D. Topical antibiotics

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Oral antibiotics are the correct choice for treating a child with a urinary tract infection (UTI). They are often prescribed to effectively address the infection and alleviate symptoms. Intravenous antibiotics (Choice A) are usually reserved for severe cases where oral antibiotics are not feasible or effective. Increased fluid intake (Choice C) can help in flushing out bacteria but is not a standalone treatment for UTIs. Topical antibiotics (Choice D) are not typically used to treat UTIs as they are more suited for skin infections.

3. In what position does the Pavlik harness hold a child's femurs for developmental hip dysplasia?

• A. Abduction
• B. Adduction
• C. Flexion
• D. Extension

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Pavlik harness is designed to position a child's femurs in abduction for developmental hip dysplasia. Abduction helps align the hip joint correctly and promotes proper development in cases of hip dysplasia. Adduction (choice B) brings the legs closer to the midline, which is not the desired position in this condition. Flexion (choice C) refers to bending at a joint, while extension (choice D) is the opposite of flexion. However, in the case of developmental hip dysplasia, abduction is crucial for the Pavlik harness to work effectively.

4. What is an important nursing intervention for a child with a newly inserted central venous catheter?

• A. Regularly monitor for signs of infection
• B. Administer intravenous fluids only as ordered
• C. Restrict the child's movement
• D. Perform daily dressing changes only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Regularly monitoring for signs of infection is a critical nursing intervention for a child with a newly inserted central venous catheter. This intervention is essential to detect any early signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or drainage at the catheter site, which can lead to serious complications like sepsis. Administering intravenous fluids as ordered is important but not the most crucial intervention for a newly inserted central venous catheter. Restricting the child's movement is unnecessary unless specified by the healthcare provider. Performing daily dressing changes alone is not sufficient to ensure the catheter's integrity and the child's safety; monitoring for signs of infection is key.

5. What is a key aspect of managing a child with cystic fibrosis?

• A. Regular pulmonary function tests
• B. Daily administration of antibiotics only
• C. High-sugar diet
• D. Limiting all physical activities

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Regular pulmonary function tests are a key aspect of managing a child with cystic fibrosis. These tests help monitor lung function and disease progression effectively, providing valuable information for healthcare providers to make timely interventions and adjustments to treatment plans. Daily administration of antibiotics alone (Choice B) is important but not the sole key aspect of managing cystic fibrosis. A high-sugar diet (Choice C) is not recommended for individuals with cystic fibrosis as it can exacerbate health issues. Limiting all physical activities (Choice D) is not beneficial as regular exercise is important for overall health and lung function in individuals with cystic fibrosis.

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