Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a macronutrient?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Iron
• C. Calcium
• D. Fiber

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fiber. Macronutrients are nutrients required by the body in larger amounts, and they include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that falls under this category. Vitamin C (choice A) is a water-soluble vitamin, Iron (choice B) is a mineral, and Calcium (choice C) is also a mineral, not a macronutrient. Therefore, Fiber is the only macronutrient listed in the choices.

2. What should be assessed in a child with suspected appendicitis?

• A. Level of consciousness
• B. Bowel sounds and pain location
• C. Skin color and temperature
• D. Heart rate and blood pressure

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to assess bowel sounds and pain location. In a child with suspected appendicitis, focusing on bowel sounds and pain location, particularly in the lower right quadrant, is crucial. This assessment helps to identify symptoms commonly associated with appendicitis. Assessing the level of consciousness (Choice A) is important in other conditions such as head injuries or neurological issues. Skin color and temperature (Choice C) are more indicative of circulatory or skin-related problems. Heart rate and blood pressure (Choice D) are vital signs that are essential to assess in various conditions but are not specific to suspected appendicitis.

3. What is a primary goal in managing a child with asthma?

• A. Avoiding all physical activities
• B. Achieving and maintaining control of asthma symptoms
• C. Increasing daily sugar intake
• D. Restricting all forms of medication

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal in managing a child with asthma is to achieve and maintain control of asthma symptoms to ensure the child's well-being and quality of life. This involves using appropriate medications as prescribed, identifying and avoiding triggers, and developing an asthma action plan. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because avoiding all physical activities can lead to deconditioning and is not recommended, increasing daily sugar intake is unrelated to managing asthma, and restricting all forms of medication can be harmful as medications are often necessary to control asthma symptoms.

4. How should a healthcare professional handle a child with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes?

• A. Focus on increasing physical activity and dietary management
• B. Initiate insulin therapy immediately
• C. Limit all carbohydrate intake
• D. Recommend frequent fasting

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In managing type 2 diabetes in a child, focusing on increasing physical activity and dietary management is crucial, especially in the initial treatment phase. This approach helps improve insulin sensitivity and overall glycemic control. Initiating insulin therapy immediately is not the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes in children. Limiting all carbohydrate intake is not advisable as carbohydrates are essential for providing energy and nutrients. Recommending frequent fasting can be harmful and is not a recommended strategy for managing type 2 diabetes in children.

5. What is the primary symptom of a urinary tract infection in young children?

• A. Frequent urination
• B. Abdominal pain
• C. Vomiting
• D. Fever

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Fever. In young children, fever is a common primary symptom of a urinary tract infection, often accompanied by irritability and discomfort. Frequent urination (Choice A) is a symptom more commonly seen in adults with UTIs. While abdominal pain (Choice B) and vomiting (Choice C) can be present, they are not as primary as fever in young children with UTIs.

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