which of the following chronic complications is associated with diabetes

HESI LPN

HESI Leadership and Management Test Bank

1. Which of the following chronic complications is associated with diabetes?

A. Dizziness, dyspnea on exertion, and coronary artery disease.
B. Retinopathy, neuropathy, and coronary artery disease.
C. Leg ulcers, cerebral ischemic events, and pulmonary infarcts.
D. Fatigue, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, and cardiac arrhythmias.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Diabetes is associated with chronic complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and coronary artery disease. Choice A includes symptoms rather than chronic complications of diabetes. Choice C lists conditions not typically associated with diabetes. Choice D describes symptoms that may occur in various medical conditions but are not specific chronic complications of diabetes.

2. Select the cranial nerve that is accurately paired with its name.

A. The fourth cranial nerve: The trochlear nerve
B. The twelfth cranial nerve: The hypoglossal nerve
C. The tenth cranial nerve: The olfactory nerve
D. The thirteenth cranial nerve: The auditory nerve

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The twelfth cranial nerve is the hypoglossal nerve, which controls the muscles of the tongue. The other choices are incorrect because the trochlear nerve is the fourth cranial nerve responsible for eye movement, the olfactory nerve is the first cranial nerve responsible for the sense of smell, and there are only twelve cranial nerves, so there is no thirteenth cranial nerve.

3. While administering penicillin intravenously, you notice that the patient becomes hypotensive with a bounding, rapid pulse rate. What is the first action you should take?

A. Decrease the rate of the intravenous medication flow.
B. Increase the rate of the intravenous medication flow.
C. Call the doctor.
D. Stop the intravenous flow.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct action to take when a patient becomes hypotensive with a bounding, rapid pulse rate after administering penicillin intravenously is to stop the intravenous flow immediately. This can help prevent further complications by discontinuing the administration of the medication that might be causing the adverse effects. Decreasing or increasing the rate of medication flow may not address the underlying issue of the patient's adverse reaction. While it's important to involve the healthcare provider in such situations, the immediate priority is to halt the administration of the medication.

4. What is the normal sodium level in the body?

A. 135 to 145 milliequivalents per liter.
B. 3 to 5 milliequivalents per liter.
C. 135 to 145 microequivalents per liter.
D. 3 to 5 microequivalents per liter.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 135 to 145 milliequivalents per liter. The normal range for sodium levels in the body is expressed in milliequivalents per liter, not microequivalents. Choice B and D provide a significantly lower range which is not within the normal values for sodium. Choice C incorrectly states 'microequivalents' instead of the correct unit 'milliequivalents'. Therefore, A is the correct answer.

5. Which of the following most accurately describes a current concern in health care today?

A. Health care-associated (nosocomial) infections continue to increase, not limited to health-care settings.
B. Despite preventable deaths increasing from the opioid crisis, life expectancy in the United States has slightly risen over the last 2 years.
C. Although adverse drug events persist, medication errors have not been completely eliminated through the use of electronic medication administration records.
D. Gun violence has become a growing public health concern.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Gun violence has become a growing public health concern due to the increasing rates of injury and death caused by the misuse of firearms. Choice A is incorrect because health care-associated infections are not limited to health-care settings and continue to increase. Choice B is inaccurate as preventable deaths from the opioid crisis have not led to a rise in life expectancy in the United States. Choice C is incorrect as medication errors have not been completely eliminated despite the use of electronic medication administration records.