HESI LPN
Leadership and Management HESI Quizlet
1. A client with diabetes experiences Somogyi's effect. To prevent this complication, the nurse should instruct the client to:
- A. Take insulin at 2:00 PM each day
- B. Engage in physical activity daily
- C. Increase the dose of regular insulin
- D. Eat a protein and carbohydrate snack at bedtime
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Somogyi effect, also known as rebound hyperglycemia, occurs as a response to nighttime hypoglycemia. Eating a protein and carbohydrate snack at bedtime can help prevent this by stabilizing blood sugar levels throughout the night. Instructing the client to take insulin at 2:00 PM each day (Choice A) may not directly address the nighttime hypoglycemia concern. Engaging in physical activity daily (Choice B) is generally beneficial for diabetes management but may not specifically prevent Somogyi's effect. Increasing the dose of regular insulin (Choice C) without addressing the nighttime hypoglycemia issue can exacerbate the problem.
2. The mother of a 5-year-old boy with a myelomeningocele, who has developed a sensitivity to latex, is being taught by the nurse. Which response from his mother indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. He needs to wear a medical alert identification.
- B. I will need to inform his caregivers about his latex sensitivity.
- C. A product's label always indicates whether it is latex-free.
- D. He must avoid any contact with latex.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Choice C, 'A product's label always indicates whether it is latex-free,' indicates a need for further teaching. Not all products are clearly labeled as latex-free; therefore, it is essential to verify with manufacturers and healthcare providers. Choices A, B, and D demonstrate appropriate understanding of managing latex sensitivity in the child. Wearing a medical alert identification (Choice A), informing caregivers (Choice B), and avoiding all contact with latex (Choice D) are all important aspects of managing a child's latex sensitivity.
3. When teaching a responsible family member how to perform a certain procedure for the patient, what is the best approach?
- A. Perform all these steps
- B. Arrange for the practice of the procedure
- C. Describe the procedure
- D. Demonstrate the procedure
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The best approach when teaching a responsible family member a procedure for the patient is to demonstrate the procedure. By demonstrating, the family member can visually see how it is done, making it easier for them to understand and replicate. This hands-on approach is more effective than just describing the procedure (choice C) or arranging for practice (choice B) without a visual demonstration. Performing all the steps (choice A) may not be practical or necessary when the goal is to teach someone else how to do it.
4. During the admission assessment of a terminally ill male client, he states that he is agnostic. What is the best nursing action in response to this statement?
- A. Provide information about the hours and location of the chapel
- B. Document the statement of the client’s spiritual assessment
- C. Invite the client to a healing service for people of all religions
- D. Offer to contact a spiritual advisor of the client’s choice
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The best nursing action in response to a terminally ill client stating their agnostic beliefs is to document the client's spiritual assessment. By documenting this information, the healthcare team can ensure that the client's beliefs are acknowledged and respected in their care plan. Providing information about the chapel's hours or inviting the client to a healing service may not align with the client's beliefs and preferences. Offering to contact a spiritual advisor of the client's choice may not be necessary if the client has clearly stated their agnostic beliefs, as they may not wish to engage in spiritual counseling.
5. What is a primary concern for a child with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?
- A. Increased growth rate
- B. Risk of hyperglycemia
- C. Risk of dehydration
- D. Improved appetite
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Risk of hyperglycemia. When a child is newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, one of the primary concerns is the risk of hyperglycemia, which refers to high blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia can lead to various complications if not managed properly, making it crucial to stabilize blood glucose levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increased growth rate, risk of dehydration, and improved appetite are not primary concerns specifically associated with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.