HESI LPN
HESI Test Bank Medical Surgical Nursing
1. When performing postural drainage on a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which approach should the nurse use?
- A. Obtain arterial blood gases (ABGs) before the procedure.
- B. Explain that the client may be positioned in five different ways.
- C. Assist the patient into a position that will allow gravity to move secretions.
- D. Encourage the client to practice deep breathing throughout the procedure.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct approach when performing postural drainage on a client with COPD is to assist the patient into a position that allows gravity to help move secretions. This position helps drain secretions from specific segments of the lungs. Obtaining arterial blood gases (Choice A) is not directly related to postural drainage. While the client may be placed in multiple positions during postural drainage, the key is to position them to facilitate the movement of secretions, not just any five positions as mentioned in Choice B. Encouraging deep breathing (Choice D) is a good nursing intervention for overall respiratory health but is not specifically related to the technique of postural drainage.
2. The school nurse is presenting a class to a group of students about common overuse disorders. Which disorder would the school nurse include?
- A. Dislocated radial head
- B. Transient synovitis of the hip
- C. Osgood-Schlatter disease
- D. Scoliosis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Osgood-Schlatter disease. This condition is a common overuse injury that affects the knee. Osgood-Schlatter disease typically occurs in children and adolescents who are involved in activities that require frequent running, jumping, and kicking. It is characterized by pain, swelling, and tenderness at the tibial tuberosity, where the patellar tendon inserts into the tibia. Choice A, Dislocated radial head, is not an overuse disorder but rather a form of elbow injury where the head of the radius bone is displaced from its normal position. Choice B, Transient synovitis of the hip, is a self-limiting condition that causes hip pain and limping in children. It is not typically considered an overuse disorder. Choice D, Scoliosis, is a condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. While it may be related to certain activities or postures, it is not primarily classified as an overuse disorder.
3. Which type of practice is most similar to research-based practice?
- A. Best practices
- B. Evidence-based practice
- C. Benchmark practices
- D. Standard-based practice
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Evidence-based practice. Evidence-based practice relies on research to guide clinical decisions, mirroring the approach of research-based practice. Choice A, Best practices, refers to established methods or techniques that are widely accepted as superior. Choice C, Benchmark practices, typically involves setting standards or goals for performance comparison. Choice D, Standard-based practice, usually pertains to adhering to established norms or guidelines.
4. The healthcare provider is assessing an infant and notes that the infant's urine has a mousy or musty odor. What would the healthcare provider suspect?
- A. Maple syrup urine disease
- B. Tyrosinemia
- C. Phenylketonuria
- D. Trimethylaminuria
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is suggested by a mousy or musty odor of the urine, caused by the inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Maple syrup urine disease (Choice A) is characterized by a sweet-smelling urine. Tyrosinemia (Choice B) presents with cabbage-like odor in the urine. Trimethylaminuria (Choice D) results in a fishy odor in the urine, breath, and sweat.
5. When a woman has miscarried in three or more consecutive pregnancies, it is referred to as which type of spontaneous abortion?
- A. Inevitable
- B. Missed
- C. Habitual
- D. Threatened
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Habitual.' Habitual abortion is defined as three or more consecutive miscarriages, making it the appropriate term for this situation. Choice A, 'Inevitable,' refers to a miscarriage that cannot be prevented. Choice B, 'Missed,' refers to a miscarriage where the fetus has died but has not been expelled. Choice D, 'Threatened,' refers to a situation where there is bleeding in early pregnancy but the cervix remains closed.