HESI LPN
HESI Fundamental Practice Exam
1. When communicating with a client who is hearing impaired, what should the nurse do?
- A. Face the client and speak slowly
- B. Speak loudly and clearly
- C. Use written communication only
- D. Avoid using gestures or body language
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When communicating with a client who is hearing impaired, it is important to face the client and speak slowly. This helps the individual lip-read and understand the communication more easily. Speaking loudly can distort speech and make it harder for the person to understand. Written communication may not always be practical or accessible for the client, especially in real-time interactions. Gestures and body language can actually aid in communication by providing visual cues and context. Therefore, the best approach is to face the client, speak clearly at a moderate pace, and use gestures and body language to enhance understanding.
2. Identify the placement of the stapes footplate into the bony labyrinth.
- A. Fenestra vestibuli
- B. Fenestra cochleae
- C. Tympanic membrane
- D. Round window
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fenestra vestibuli. The stapes footplate is placed into the fenestra vestibuli of the bony labyrinth. This structure is also known as the oval window and is located at the junction of the middle ear and inner ear. Choice B, Fenestra cochleae, is incorrect as this opening is also known as the round window and is located near the base of the cochlea. Choice C, Tympanic membrane, is incorrect as it is also known as the eardrum and separates the external ear from the middle ear. Choice D, Round window, is incorrect as it is the opening covered by the secondary tympanic membrane and is important for the dissipation of sound waves in the cochlea.
3. Do sebaceous glands cause a developing organism to grow arms or wings, skin, or scales?
- A. True
- B. False
- C. Possibly
- D. Never
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: False. Sebaceous glands are associated with the skin's oil production and have no role in the development of limbs or body coverings. Sebaceous glands primarily produce sebum, an oily substance that lubricates and waterproofs the skin and hair. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because sebaceous glands do not influence the growth of arms, wings, skin, or scales in a developing organism.
4. The nurse is teaching a client with cardiac disease about the anatomy and physiology of the heart. Which is the correct pathway of blood flow through the heart?
- A. Right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium, left atrium
- B. Left ventricle, right ventricle, left atrium, right atrium
- C. Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
- D. Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct pathway of blood flow through the heart starts with blood entering the right atrium, moving to the right ventricle, then to the lungs for oxygenation, returning to the left atrium, and finally to the left ventricle before being pumped out to the body. Option A is incorrect as it starts with the ventricles instead of the atria. Option B is incorrect as it has the sequence of ventricles before atria reversed. Option D is incorrect as it has the atria and ventricles mixed up.
5. Which observation of the exposed abdomen is most indicative of pyloric stenosis?
- A. abdominal rigidity
- B. substernal retraction
- C. palpable olive-like mass
- D. marked distention of the lower abdomen
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In pyloric stenosis, a palpable olive-like mass in the abdomen is a classic finding. This mass is due to the hypertrophied pyloric muscle. Abdominal rigidity (choice A) is associated with conditions like peritonitis, substernal retraction (choice B) is typically seen in respiratory distress, and marked distention of the lower abdomen (choice D) is more characteristic of conditions like intestinal obstruction rather than pyloric stenosis.