Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for the study of how diet affects gene expression?

• A. Epigenetics
• B. Nutrigenomics
• C. Genomics
• D. Genetics

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nutrigenomics is the study of how diet affects gene expression, influencing health outcomes and disease risk. Epigenetics (choice A) involves changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence. Genomics (choice C) is the study of an organism's entire genome. Genetics (choice D) is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

2. Parents of a 6-month-old child, diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia, ask why it was not diagnosed earlier. What should the nurse say?

• A. Are you sure your child has iron deficiency anemia?
• B. Maternal stores of iron are depleted at about 6 months.
• C. This anemia is caused by blood loss.
• D. The child may not have had it for a long time.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Maternal stores of iron are depleted at about 6 months.' Iron deficiency anemia becomes apparent around 6 months of age when the infant's iron stores, primarily received from the mother during pregnancy, are depleted. This timing coincides with the introduction of solid foods, which may lack sufficient iron. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific reason why iron deficiency anemia is typically diagnosed around 6 months of age.

3. A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 kilocalories, which includes 30 grams of fat. What percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?

• A. 8.50%
• B. 15.00%
• C. 19.00%
• D. 25.50%

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To calculate the percentage of total energy contributed by fat, first determine the energy from fat by multiplying the fat amount (30g) by the energy density of fat (9 kcal/g), which equals 270 kcal. Then, divide the energy from fat (270 kcal) by the total energy intake (1400 kcal) and multiply by 100 to find the percentage: (270 kcal / 1400 kcal) * 100 = 19.29% ≈ 19.00%. Therefore, fat contributes approximately 19% of the total energy in the diet. Choice A (8.50%) is too low, while choices B (15.00%) and D (25.50%) are incorrect calculations based on the given information.

4. What is a common symptom of an upper respiratory infection in children?

• A. Constipation
• B. Excessive vomiting
• C. Nasal congestion
• D. Abdominal pain

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Nasal congestion is a common symptom of an upper respiratory infection in children. It is typically accompanied by cough and sore throat. Constipation (choice A) and excessive vomiting (choice B) are not typical symptoms of upper respiratory infections. Abdominal pain (choice D) is more commonly associated with gastrointestinal issues rather than upper respiratory infections.

5. What is the recommended first step in the management of a child with a suspected head injury?

• A. Administer pain medication
• B. Assess the child's level of consciousness
• C. Perform a CT scan
• D. Monitor for seizures

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct first step in managing a child with a suspected head injury is to assess the child's level of consciousness. This assessment is crucial as it helps determine the severity of the injury and guides further management. Administering pain medication (Choice A) should not be done before assessing the level of consciousness. Performing a CT scan (Choice C) may be necessary but is not the initial step. Monitoring for seizures (Choice D) is important but comes after assessing the child's level of consciousness.

Similar Questions