Nursing Elites

1. What is the main purpose of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)?

• A. To provide guidelines for nutrient intakes that meet the needs of most healthy people.
• B. To specify the minimum amount of nutrients required for survival.
• C. To establish maximum safe levels of nutrient intakes.
• D. To recommend specific nutrient intake levels to prevent chronic diseases.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main purpose of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) is to provide guidelines for nutrient intakes that meet the needs of most healthy people. Choice B is incorrect because RDAs aim beyond just survival requirements. Choice C is incorrect because establishing maximum safe levels is the role of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Choice D is incorrect because preventing chronic diseases is more associated with Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) like Adequate Intakes (AIs) and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Therefore, the correct answer is A.

2. Which statement is true of minerals in their role as nutrients?

• A. They are organic compounds.
• B. They yield 4 kilocalories per gram.
• C. Some become dissolved in body fluids.
• D. Some are destroyed during cooking.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct statement is that some minerals become dissolved in body fluids, making them available for absorption and utilization by the body. Minerals are not organic compounds, so choice A is incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because minerals do not provide energy like macronutrients such as carbohydrates and fats. Choice D is incorrect because minerals are elements and cannot be destroyed by cooking; however, their availability and absorption may be affected by cooking methods.

3. How should a healthcare professional manage a child with a newly inserted central venous catheter?

• A. Monitor for signs of infection
• B. Restrict all physical activity
• C. Administer routine antibiotics
• D. Increase fluid intake only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Monitoring for signs of infection is crucial in managing a central venous catheter to prevent complications. This involves observing for redness, swelling, warmth, or drainage at the catheter site, as these can indicate an infection. Restricting physical activity unnecessarily (choice B) can hinder the child's recovery and quality of life. Administering routine antibiotics (choice C) without a confirmed infection can lead to antibiotic resistance and unnecessary side effects. Increasing fluid intake only (choice D) is not the primary intervention for managing a central venous catheter.

4. Which characteristic is most typical of a chronic disease?

• A. It has a rapid onset.
• B. It rarely has noticeable symptoms.
• C. It produces sharp pains.
• D. It progresses gradually.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Chronic diseases are characterized by a gradual progression over time, affecting individuals for an extended period. Option A is incorrect as chronic diseases do not have a rapid onset like acute conditions. Option B is incorrect as chronic diseases often manifest noticeable symptoms. Option C is incorrect as sharp pains are not a defining characteristic of chronic diseases. Chronic diseases can present a variety of symptoms depending on the specific condition, but gradual progression is a common feature distinguishing them from acute illnesses.

5. What is a common sign of dehydration in a child with diarrhea?

• A. Decreased urine output
• B. Increased appetite
• C. Warm, dry skin
• D. Elevated blood pressure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased urine output. When a child with diarrhea is dehydrated, they may have decreased urine output, indicating that their body is conserving fluids. This sign highlights the importance of fluid replacement to prevent worsening dehydration. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Increased appetite is not typically associated with dehydration but can be seen in other conditions. Warm, dry skin may be a sign of fever or other skin conditions, not specifically dehydration. Elevated blood pressure is not a common sign of dehydration in a child with diarrhea.

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