HESI LPN
Nutrition Final Exam
1. What is one benefit of using a large sample size in an experiment?
- A. Chance variation is less likely to affect the results.
- B. The possibility of a placebo effect is eliminated.
- C. The experiment will be double-blind.
- D. The control group will be similar to the experimental group.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Using a large sample size reduces the likelihood of chance variation affecting the results, providing more reliable data. Choice B is incorrect because the placebo effect is related to participants' beliefs, not sample size. Choice C is incorrect as double-blind refers to a method of reducing bias, not directly related to sample size. Choice D is incorrect because the similarity between the control and experimental groups is not solely dependent on sample size.
2. A client diagnosed with angina has been prescribed nitrate isosorbide dinitrate. Which instruction should the practical nurse reinforce in this client's teaching?
- A. Discontinue the medication if dizziness occurs.
- B. Avoid getting up quickly. Always rise slowly.
- C. Take the medication with or without food.
- D. Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction that the practical nurse should reinforce with a client prescribed nitrate isosorbide dinitrate is to avoid getting up quickly and to rise slowly. Nitrates can cause orthostatic hypotension, a sudden drop in blood pressure when changing positions. By rising slowly, the client can prevent the occurrence of orthostatic hypotension and its associated symptoms. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because discontinuing the medication without consulting a healthcare provider can be dangerous, taking the medication with or without food does not impact its effectiveness, and increasing potassium intake is not directly related to the use of nitrate isosorbide dinitrate.
3. When teaching a class about trisomy 21, the instructor would identify the cause of this disorder as:
- A. nondisjunction.
- B. X-linked recessive inheritance.
- C. genomic imprinting.
- D. autosomal dominant inheritance.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: nondisjunction. Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is caused by nondisjunction, which is an error in cell division leading to an extra copy of chromosome 21. This additional genetic material alters the course of development and causes the characteristics associated with Down syndrome. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. X-linked recessive inheritance refers to genetic disorders carried on the X chromosome, genomic imprinting involves gene expression based on parental origin, and autosomal dominant inheritance relates to disorders caused by a dominant gene on one of the non-sex chromosomes. In the case of trisomy 21, the cause is specifically related to the error in chromosome division, making nondisjunction the most appropriate answer.
4. What is the priority nursing intervention for a child admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis?
- A. Monitoring for hypertension
- B. Providing pain relief
- C. Restricting fluid intake
- D. Encouraging fluid intake
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a child with acute glomerulonephritis is monitoring for hypertension. Acute glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the kidney's glomeruli, leading to impaired kidney function. Hypertension is a common complication due to fluid retention and increased renin-angiotensin system activity. Monitoring for hypertension is crucial for early detection and management to prevent further kidney damage and complications. Providing pain relief (Choice B) may be required for discomfort but is not the priority. Restricting fluid intake (Choice C) may be necessary in some kidney diseases, but in acute glomerulonephritis, the focus is on monitoring and managing hypertension. Encouraging fluid intake (Choice D) is inappropriate as it can exacerbate fluid overload and hypertension in acute glomerulonephritis.
5. A post-op nurse has an indwelling catheter in place for gravity drainage. The nurse notes that the client's urine bag has been empty for 2 hours. The first action the nurse should take is to:
- A. Check to see if the tubing is kinked.
- B. Increase the IV fluid rate.
- C. Check the catheter insertion site.
- D. Contact the healthcare provider.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when the urine bag has not filled for 2 hours is to check if the tubing is kinked. Kinks in the tubing can obstruct the flow of urine from the catheter, leading to decreased drainage. Increasing the IV fluid rate is not the appropriate initial action in this situation as the primary concern is with the catheter drainage. Checking the catheter insertion site would be secondary to ensuring proper drainage. Contacting the healthcare provider is not necessary as the issue can often be resolved by checking for simple tubing obstructions first.