Nursing Elites

1. What is a common treatment for a child with moderate to severe eczema?

• A. Topical corticosteroids
• B. Oral antibiotics
• C. Frequent saline irrigation
• D. High-calcium diet

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Topical corticosteroids are the correct answer for a child with moderate to severe eczema. These medications are commonly used to reduce inflammation and itching associated with eczema. Oral antibiotics (Choice B) are not typically used in eczema treatment unless there is a secondary bacterial infection. Frequent saline irrigation (Choice C) may aid in wound care but is not a primary treatment for eczema. A high-calcium diet (Choice D) is not a standard treatment for eczema and does not target the underlying inflammatory process that causes eczema symptoms.

2. What should the nurse anticipate as challenging in caring for a child with acute glomerulonephritis?

• A. Forced fluids
• B. Increased feedings
• C. Bed rest
• D. Frequent position changes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bed rest. Implementing bed rest can be challenging, especially in active children, but it's necessary to manage the symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis. Forced fluids (choice A) may be required to maintain hydration but are not typically challenging. Increased feedings (choice B) and frequent position changes (choice D) are not primary interventions in the care of a child with acute glomerulonephritis.

3. A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 kilocalories, which includes 30 grams of fat. What percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?

• A. 8.50%
• B. 15.00%
• C. 19.00%
• D. 25.50%

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To calculate the percentage of total energy contributed by fat, first determine the energy from fat by multiplying the fat amount (30g) by the energy density of fat (9 kcal/g), which equals 270 kcal. Then, divide the energy from fat (270 kcal) by the total energy intake (1400 kcal) and multiply by 100 to find the percentage: (270 kcal / 1400 kcal) * 100 = 19.29% ≈ 19.00%. Therefore, fat contributes approximately 19% of the total energy in the diet. Choice A (8.50%) is too low, while choices B (15.00%) and D (25.50%) are incorrect calculations based on the given information.

4. What is an important aspect of care for a child with congenital heart disease?

• A. Restricting physical activity
• B. Increasing fluid intake
• C. Administering high doses of vitamins
• D. Monitoring growth and development

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Monitoring growth and development is crucial for children with congenital heart disease to ensure they are meeting developmental milestones and managing the disease effectively. This helps healthcare providers assess the child's overall health, detect any potential issues early, and adjust treatment plans accordingly. Restricting physical activity may not be necessary for all children with congenital heart disease and should be determined by their healthcare team based on individual needs. Increasing fluid intake and administering high doses of vitamins may not be directly related to managing congenital heart disease and should be guided by specific recommendations from healthcare providers.

5. What is the primary purpose of a placebo in an experiment?

• A. To reduce the cost of the experiment.
• B. To make the experiment double-blind.
• C. To increase the number of participants.
• D. To serve as a control for comparison with the treatment group.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A placebo serves as a control for comparison with the treatment group, helping to eliminate bias and ensure the results are due to the treatment itself. Placebos are crucial in research to distinguish the actual effect of the treatment from psychological or subjective factors. Choice A is incorrect because the purpose of a placebo is not related to reducing the cost of the experiment. Choice B is incorrect because while placebos are used in double-blind studies, their primary purpose is not to make the experiment double-blind. Choice C is incorrect because the purpose of a placebo is not to increase the number of participants but rather to serve as a comparison group for the treatment being tested.

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