Nursing Elites

1. What is a common symptom of an upper respiratory infection in children?

• A. Constipation
• B. Excessive vomiting
• C. Nasal congestion
• D. Abdominal pain

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Nasal congestion is a common symptom of an upper respiratory infection in children. It is typically accompanied by cough and sore throat. Constipation (choice A) and excessive vomiting (choice B) are not typical symptoms of upper respiratory infections. Abdominal pain (choice D) is more commonly associated with gastrointestinal issues rather than upper respiratory infections.

2. You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human experiments on vitamin C. As the subjects walk into the laboratory, you distribute all the vitamin C pill bottles to the girls and all the placebo pill bottles to the boys. What should you have done?

• A. Giving all the boys the vitamin C and the girls the placebo, and telling them what they were getting.
• B. Distributing the bottles randomly, randomizing the subjects, and telling them what they were getting.
• C. Telling the subjects which group they were in, but preventing yourself from knowing the contents of the pill bottles.
• D. Preventing yourself from knowing what is in the pill bottles, and distributing the bottles randomly to the subjects.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct approach in a scientific experiment is to prevent yourself from knowing the contents of the pill bottles and distribute them randomly to the subjects. This randomization helps to avoid bias and ensures that the results are not influenced by preconceived notions. Option A is incorrect because it introduces gender bias by assigning pills based on gender. Option B is incorrect as it mentions telling the subjects what they are getting, which could lead to placebo effects. Option C is incorrect as it suggests disclosing group information to the subjects, which can also introduce bias.

3. What is the most common initial symptom of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

• A. Joint swelling and pain
• B. Skin rash
• C. Gastrointestinal bleeding
• D. Neurological deficits

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Joint swelling and pain. These are the most common initial symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, typically affecting multiple joints. Skin rash (choice B), gastrointestinal bleeding (choice C), and neurological deficits (choice D) are not typical initial symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Skin rash may be seen in other conditions like dermatitis or systemic lupus erythematosus, gastrointestinal bleeding may be associated with conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, and neurological deficits could be indicative of conditions like multiple sclerosis.

4. What is the priority assessment for a child with suspected appendicitis?

• A. Temperature
• B. Heart rate
• C. Respiratory rate
• D. Pain level

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The priority assessment for a child with suspected appendicitis is 'Pain level.' Evaluating the pain level, particularly in the lower right quadrant, is crucial as it helps in determining the severity of the condition, leading to prompt diagnosis and treatment. Monitoring temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate are important aspects of assessment; however, they are secondary to assessing the pain level in cases of suspected appendicitis. Pain assessment is key in diagnosing this condition since the classic presentation includes abdominal pain that often starts around the umbilicus and then localizes to the right lower quadrant.

5. What is an important aspect of managing a child with ADHD?

• A. Increasing academic workload
• B. Consistent behavior management strategies
• C. Restricting all physical activity
• D. Encouraging solitary activities

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Consistent behavior management strategies are crucial when managing a child with ADHD. By implementing consistent strategies, such as clear rules, positive reinforcement, and structure, it helps the child improve focus, manage impulsivity, and regulate their behavior. Choice A, 'Increasing academic workload,' is incorrect as overwhelming a child with ADHD with more academic tasks can exacerbate their symptoms. Choice C, 'Restricting all physical activity,' is also incorrect as physical activity is beneficial for children with ADHD to release excess energy and improve focus. Choice D, 'Encouraging solitary activities,' is not ideal as social interaction and engagement with others are important for a child's development and well-being.

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