Nursing Elites

1. What foods are appropriate for a 30-month-old toddler on a regular diet?

• A. Hamburger with bun and grapes
• B. Chicken fingers and french fries
• C. Hot dog with bun and potato chips
• D. Macaroni and cheese and Cheerios

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Macaroni and cheese and Cheerios are appropriate choices for a 30-month-old toddler on a regular diet. These foods are easy to chew, digest, and are generally well-liked by toddlers. Option A, a hamburger with bun and grapes, may be difficult for a toddler to handle due to the size of the hamburger and grapes pose a choking hazard. Option B, chicken fingers and french fries, may be too greasy and processed for a toddler's developing digestive system. Option C, hot dog with bun and potato chips, is also not ideal as hot dogs can be a choking hazard and potato chips are high in salt and may not provide adequate nutrition.

2. The mother of a 5-year-old boy with a myelomeningocele, who has developed a sensitivity to latex, is being taught by the nurse. Which response from his mother indicates a need for further teaching?

• A. He needs to wear a medical alert identification.
• B. I will need to inform his caregivers about his latex sensitivity.
• C. A product's label always indicates whether it is latex-free.
• D. He must avoid any contact with latex.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Choice C, 'A product's label always indicates whether it is latex-free,' indicates a need for further teaching. Not all products are clearly labeled as latex-free; therefore, it is essential to verify with manufacturers and healthcare providers. Choices A, B, and D demonstrate appropriate understanding of managing latex sensitivity in the child. Wearing a medical alert identification (Choice A), informing caregivers (Choice B), and avoiding all contact with latex (Choice D) are all important aspects of managing a child's latex sensitivity.

3. The nurse volunteering at a homeless shelter to assist families with children identifies homelessness as a risk preventing families from achieving positive outcomes in life. What family theory encompasses this approach to assessing family dynamics?

• A. Duvall's developmental theory
• B. Friedman's structural functional theory
• C. Von Bertalanffy's general system theory applied to families
• D. Resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation is the appropriate theory in this scenario. This model focuses on identifying risks and protective factors that help families achieve positive outcomes despite challenges. Duvall's developmental theory primarily focuses on family life cycle stages, Friedman's structural functional theory emphasizes the interdependence of family members, and Von Bertalanffy's general system theory applied to families looks at the family as a dynamic system. These theories do not specifically address the concept of resilience and adaptation in the face of stressors like homelessness.

4. A 2-year-old child with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is being discharged. What dietary instructions should the nurse provide?

• A. Avoid spicy foods
• B. Avoid gluten
• C. Avoid high-fat foods
• D. Avoid dairy products

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Avoiding gluten is not typically necessary for managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children. The correct dietary instruction for a 2-year-old with GERD would be to avoid high-fat foods. High-fat foods can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to increased reflux symptoms. While spicy foods and dairy products may also trigger reflux in some individuals, the primary focus should be on avoiding high-fat foods due to their direct impact on the lower esophageal sphincter, which exacerbates GERD symptoms.

5. Before starting kindergarten, the child should receive boosters of which primary immunizations to ensure ongoing protection?

• A. IPV, HepB, Td.
• B. DTaP, HepB, Td.
• C. MMR, DTaP, Hib.
• D. DTaP, IPV, MMR.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Before starting kindergarten, the child should receive boosters of DTaP, IPV, and MMR. DTaP provides protection against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, IPV protects against polio, and MMR immunization covers measles, mumps, and rubella. These boosters are essential to maintain immunity and protect the child from these diseases as they enter school. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not include the recommended boosters for kindergarten entry and may leave the child susceptible to certain infections.

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