Nursing Elites

1. In what units are energy measurements expressed by most scientists and nutritionists outside the United States?

• A. newtons
• B. liters
• C. kilojoules
• D. kilocalories

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Kilojoules are the standard units of energy used by most scientists and nutritionists worldwide. Newtons are units of force, liters are units of volume, and kilocalories are more commonly used in the United States but not as widely adopted internationally for energy measurements. Therefore, the correct answer is 'kilojoules.'

2. What dietary modification is important for a child with celiac disease?

• A. Increase dairy intake
• B. Avoid gluten-containing foods
• C. Decrease protein intake
• D. Increase fiber intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid gluten-containing foods. For a child with celiac disease, it is crucial to eliminate gluten from their diet to manage the condition effectively. Gluten triggers an immune response in individuals with celiac disease, leading to symptoms and damage to the small intestine. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increasing dairy intake, decreasing protein intake, or increasing fiber intake are not specific dietary modifications for managing celiac disease.

3. What is one benefit of using a large sample size in an experiment?

• A. Chance variation is less likely to affect the results.
• B. The possibility of a placebo effect is eliminated.
• C. The experiment will be double-blind.
• D. The control group will be similar to the experimental group.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Using a large sample size reduces the likelihood of chance variation affecting the results, providing more reliable data. Choice B is incorrect because the placebo effect is related to participants' beliefs, not sample size. Choice C is incorrect as double-blind refers to a method of reducing bias, not directly related to sample size. Choice D is incorrect because the similarity between the control and experimental groups is not solely dependent on sample size.

4. What dietary recommendation is essential for a child with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

• A. High-protein diet
• B. Low-fat diet
• C. Low-phenylalanine diet
• D. High-fiber diet

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Low-phenylalanine diet.' Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) need to follow a low-phenylalanine diet to manage the condition. Phenylalanine is an amino acid found in protein-containing foods, and individuals with PKU have difficulty metabolizing it, leading to neurological damage and other complications. Therefore, restricting phenylalanine intake is crucial. Choice A, 'High-protein diet,' is incorrect because high protein intake would increase phenylalanine levels, worsening the condition. Choice B, 'Low-fat diet,' and Choice D, 'High-fiber diet,' are not the primary focus for PKU patients. The key dietary intervention for PKU is controlling phenylalanine intake, which is best achieved through a low-phenylalanine diet.

5. What is an essential part of care for a child with asthma during an acute episode?

• A. Administer a bronchodilator
• B. Provide high doses of steroids
• C. Increase fluid intake
• D. Restrict all physical activity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Administering a bronchodilator is an essential part of caring for a child with asthma during an acute episode because it helps to open airways and relieve acute asthma symptoms effectively. Providing high doses of steroids (Choice B) is typically done in severe cases or when other treatments fail. Increasing fluid intake (Choice C) can be beneficial to prevent dehydration, but it is not the primary intervention during an acute asthma episode. Restricting all physical activity (Choice D) is not recommended as some physical activity may help improve lung function and overall well-being.

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