HESI LPN
HESI PN Exit Exam 2024 Quizlet
1. The PN and UAP enter a client's room and find the client lying on the bed. The PN determines that the client is unresponsive. Which instruction should the PN give the UAP first?
- A. Obtain emergency help
- B. Feel for a carotid pulse
- C. Bring a glucometer to the room
- D. Check the blood pressure
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the UAP to obtain emergency help first. When a client is unresponsive, it could indicate a life-threatening condition that requires immediate intervention. Ensuring emergency help is on the way is the priority to address the potentially critical situation. Feeling for a carotid pulse, bringing a glucometer, or checking the blood pressure are important assessments but should come after taking steps to secure immediate assistance.
2. Which of the following is something a new model for health care in the future should include?
- A. Community-centered care
- B. Care that encourages a healthy environment
- C. Accessible care that is affordable for most
- D. A focus on local health concerns
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a new model for health care in the future should focus on promoting a healthy environment. This includes initiatives such as green buildings and reducing pollution to improve overall health outcomes. Choice A, community-centered care, is important but not the primary focus when considering the future of healthcare. Choice C, accessible and affordable care, is crucial but does not directly address the need for a healthy environment. Choice D, a focus on local health concerns, is relevant but not as comprehensive as promoting a healthy environment in shaping the future of healthcare.
3. What is a priority when providing care for a patient with a newly inserted tracheostomy?
- A. Keeping the tracheostomy tube clean and dry
- B. Providing regular oral hygiene
- C. Monitoring for signs of infection and ensuring a patent airway
- D. Encouraging the patient to cough and deep breathe
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When caring for a patient with a newly inserted tracheostomy, the priority is to monitor for signs of infection and ensure a patent airway. This is crucial to prevent complications such as airway obstruction or infection. While keeping the tracheostomy tube clean and dry is important for overall care, it is not the highest priority when compared to ensuring a patent airway. Providing regular oral hygiene is essential for the patient's comfort but takes a secondary role to maintaining airway patency. Encouraging the patient to cough and deep breathe may be beneficial but is not as critical as monitoring for infection and keeping the airway clear.
4. What is the most critical action in caring for the newborn immediately after birth?
- A. Keeping the airway clear.
- B. Fostering parent-newborn attachment.
- C. Drying the newborn and wrapping the infant in a blanket.
- D. Administering eye drops and vitamin K.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most critical action in caring for the newborn immediately after birth is keeping the airway clear. This is essential to ensure that the newborn can breathe effectively and prevent any respiratory distress. Fostering parent-newborn attachment, although important, is not the most critical action immediately after birth. Drying the newborn and wrapping the infant in a blanket is important for temperature regulation but is not as critical as maintaining a clear airway. Administering eye drops and vitamin K is typically done later and is not the most critical action immediately after birth.
5. The client is advised to take dexamethasone (Decadron) with food or milk. What is the physiological basis for this advice?
- A. Inhibits pepsin production
- B. Stimulates hydrochloric acid production
- C. Delays stomach emptying time
- D. Reduces hydrochloric acid production
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stimulates hydrochloric acid production. Dexamethasone can stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which may lead to irritation of the stomach lining. Taking dexamethasone with food or milk helps to neutralize or buffer the acid, reducing the risk of stomach irritation. Choice A is incorrect because dexamethasone does not inhibit pepsin production. Choice C is incorrect as dexamethasone does not slow stomach emptying time. Choice D is incorrect as dexamethasone does not reduce hydrochloric acid production.