HESI LPN
HESI CAT Exam 2022
1. The nurse should explain to a client with lung cancer that pleurodesis is performed to achieve which expected outcome?
- A. Debulk tumor to maintain patency of air passages
- B. Relieve empyema after pneumonectomy
- C. Prevent the formation of effusion fluid
- D. Remove fluid from the intrapleural space
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Pleurodesis is a procedure used to prevent the re-accumulation of pleural effusion by creating adhesion between the pleurae. This helps prevent the formation of effusion fluid. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because pleurodesis is not performed to debulk tumors, relieve empyema after pneumonectomy, or remove fluid from the intrapleural space. Understanding the purpose of pleurodesis is essential in providing accurate patient education and care.
2. The nurse is assessing a client with portal hypertension. Which of the following findings would the nurse expect?
- A. Expiratory wheezes
- B. Blurred vision
- C. Ascites
- D. Dilated pupils
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Ascites is a common finding in clients with portal hypertension. Portal hypertension results in increased pressure in the portal vein, leading to the development of ascites, which is the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Expiratory wheezes (Choice A) are associated with respiratory conditions. Blurred vision (Choice B) is more commonly linked to eye disorders or neurological issues. Dilated pupils (Choice D) can be related to neurological conditions or drug effects, but not specifically to portal hypertension.
3. Which assessment finding requires nursing intervention prior to the administration of medication?
- A. Apical pulse heard best at the pulmonic site
- B. Irregular apical pulse rhythm
- C. Presence of a systolic heart murmur
- D. Apical pulse rate of 50 beats/minute
Correct answer: D
Rationale: An apical pulse rate of 50 beats/minute indicates bradycardia, a heart rate below the normal range, which requires immediate nursing intervention before administering medication to address the potential impact of the bradycardia on the patient's overall condition.
4. A primiparous woman presents in labor with the following labs: hemoglobin 10.9 g/dL, hematocrit 29%, hepatitis surface antigen positive, Group B Streptococcus positive, and rubella non-immune. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Transfuse 2 units of packed red blood cells.
- B. Give measles, mumps, rubella vaccine 0.5 mL.
- C. Administer ampicillin 2 grams intravenously.
- D. Inject hepatitis B immune globulin 0.5 milliliters.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct intervention in this scenario is to administer ampicillin 2 grams intravenously. This is crucial to prevent Group B Streptococcus infection in the newborn during delivery. Option A, transfusing packed red blood cells, is not indicated based on the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels provided. Option B, giving measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, is not necessary at this time. Option D, injecting hepatitis B immune globulin, is not appropriate for the conditions presented in the question.
5. The nurse is assessing a family to determine if they have access to adequate health care. Which statement accurately describes how certain families are affected by common barriers to health care?
- A. After a decade of escalation, the percentage of children living in low-income families has been on the decline since 2000.
- B. White, non-Hispanic children overall are more likely than African American and Hispanic children to be in very good or excellent health.
- C. The proportion of children between the ages of 6 and 18 who are overweight is decreasing, but a large increase is occurring in African American females.
- D. The overall health care plan of working families may improve access to specialty care but limit access to preventive services.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is the correct answer because it accurately states that White, non-Hispanic children are more likely to be in very good or excellent health compared to African American and Hispanic children. This reflects a disparity in health outcomes among different racial groups. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is unrelated to the impact of common barriers to health care on families. Choice C talks about overweight children but does not address access to health care. Choice D discusses the impact of the overall health care plan on working families but does not specifically address the disparity in health status among different racial groups.