HESI LPN
HESI Fundamentals Exam Test Bank
1. The client with diabetes is being educated by the nurse on foot care. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will check my feet daily for any cuts or sores.
- B. I will avoid walking barefoot.
- C. I will soak my feet in warm water every day.
- D. I will wear shoes that fit well to avoid blisters.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Soaking the feet in warm water daily is not recommended for clients with diabetes as it can cause the skin to become too soft, increasing the risk of skin breakdown and infections. Checking the feet daily for cuts or sores (A) is a good practice to prevent complications. Avoiding walking barefoot (B) helps protect the feet from injuries. Wearing well-fitted shoes (D) is essential to prevent blisters and other foot problems in diabetic clients. Therefore, the client's statement about soaking the feet in warm water daily indicates a need for further teaching.
2. A client with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is prescribed risperidone (Risperdal). Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I can stop taking this medication once I feel better.
- B. I need to avoid foods that are high in tyramine.
- C. I should avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication.
- D. This medication may cause drowsiness, so avoid driving.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. The statement 'I can stop taking this medication once I feel better' indicates a need for further teaching. Antipsychotic medications, like risperidone, should be taken consistently even when symptoms improve to prevent relapse. Choice B is incorrect because avoiding foods high in tyramine is unrelated to risperidone. Choice C is incorrect as avoiding alcohol is a standard precaution with many medications. Choice D is incorrect because being cautious about drowsiness and avoiding driving is a common safety measure associated with risperidone.
3. What should be the priority action when caring for a child with acute laryngotracheobronchitis?
- A. Initiate measures to reduce fever.
- B. Ensure delivery of humidified oxygen.
- C. Provide support to reduce apprehension.
- D. Continually assess the respiratory status.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When caring for a child with acute laryngotracheobronchitis, the priority action should be to continually assess the respiratory status. This is crucial to detect early signs of respiratory distress, such as worsening stridor or increased work of breathing. Prompt intervention can prevent further deterioration of the child's condition. Initiating measures to reduce fever (Choice A) may be necessary but is not the priority in this situation. Ensuring delivery of humidified oxygen (Choice B) is important for maintaining oxygenation but should follow the assessment of respiratory status. Providing support to reduce apprehension (Choice C) is also important for the child's comfort but is not the priority over assessing and managing respiratory distress.
4. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer metoprolol 200 mg PO daily. The medication available is metoprolol 100 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the healthcare professional administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Do not use a trailing zero.)
- A. 1 tablet
- B. 2 tablets
- C. 0.5 tablet
- D. 4 tablets
Correct answer: B
Rationale: To administer 200 mg of metoprolol using 100 mg tablets, the healthcare professional should give 2 tablets. Each tablet contains 100 mg of metoprolol, so 2 tablets will provide the required 200 mg dose. Choice A is incorrect because 1 tablet would only provide 100 mg, which is insufficient. Choice C is incorrect as fractions of tablets are usually not used in practice to ensure accurate dosing. Choice D is incorrect as it would result in an overdose, providing 400 mg instead of the prescribed 200 mg.
5. A client is scheduled for a bronchoscopy. After the nurse explains the procedure, which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I'm glad I don’t have to lie still for this procedure.
- B. I will have a local anesthetic to help with discomfort.
- C. I hope I get some medicine to relax me.
- D. I can't eat or drink for 6 hours before the procedure.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the client's statement indicates a misunderstanding about the need to lie still during the bronchoscopy procedure. The client actually needs to remain still for the procedure to ensure its accuracy and safety. Choices B, C, and D demonstrate an understanding of the procedure by acknowledging the local anesthetic for discomfort, the possibility of receiving medicine for relaxation, and the requirement to fast before the procedure, respectively.