Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is teaching a client with cardiac disease about the anatomy and physiology of the heart. Which is the correct pathway of blood flow through the heart?

• A. Right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium, left atrium
• B. Left ventricle, right ventricle, left atrium, right atrium
• C. Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
• D. Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct pathway of blood flow through the heart starts with blood entering the right atrium, moving to the right ventricle, then to the lungs for oxygenation, returning to the left atrium, and finally to the left ventricle before being pumped out to the body. Option A is incorrect as it starts with the ventricles instead of the atria. Option B is incorrect as it has the sequence of ventricles before atria reversed. Option D is incorrect as it has the atria and ventricles mixed up.

2. During the beginning shift assessment of a client with asthma who is receiving oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 liters per minute, the nurse would be most concerned about which unreported finding?

• A. Pulse oximetry reading of 89%
• B. Crackles at the base of the lungs on auscultation
• C. Rapid shallow respirations with intermittent wheezes
• D. Excessive thirst with a dry cracked tongue

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rapid, shallow respirations with intermittent wheezes are concerning as they indicate a potential worsening of the client's asthma. This finding suggests airway narrowing, which can lead to respiratory failure. Immediate intervention is required to address this respiratory distress. A pulse oximetry reading of 89% is low and indicates hypoxemia, but the respiratory pattern described in option C takes priority as it directly reflects the client's respiratory status. Crackles at the base of the lungs suggest fluid accumulation, which is important but not as immediately critical as the respiratory distress in asthma. Excessive thirst and a dry cracked tongue may indicate dehydration, which is relevant but not as urgent as the respiratory compromise presented in option C.

3. The major target of the Philippine Family Program are women belonging to the high-risk group which includes:

• A. Women under 20 or over 35 years old
• B. Women suffering from certain medical conditions that contradict pregnancy
• C. All these groups
• D. Women who have had at least 4 deliveries

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'All these groups.' The Philippine Family Program targets women under 20 years old, over 35 years old, those with certain medical conditions that contradict pregnancy, and women who have had at least 4 deliveries. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer because it encompasses all the high-risk groups identified by the program. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not cover all the specified high-risk groups targeted by the program.

4. A community health nurse is planning to implement an outreach program for a community group. Which criteria should the nurse clarify about the program when examining sources for funding?

• A. Focuses on addressing multiple health problems or concerns.
• B. Identifies populations and individuals in need of healthcare services.
• C. Evaluates differences in health services and health status among populations.
• D. Provides healthcare services to community members in local factories, schools, and churches.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Identifying populations and individuals in need of healthcare services is essential when seeking funding for an outreach program. This criterion helps demonstrate the relevance and impact of the program on specific groups requiring healthcare services. Choice A is incorrect because while addressing multiple health problems is important, identifying the target population in need of services is more critical for funding considerations. Choice C is incorrect as evaluating variations in health services and status, though valuable, is not directly related to securing funding. Choice D is incorrect as offering services in various community locations is a component of the program's implementation, not a criterion for funding.

5. The following are functions of the Provincial Nurse Supervisor except:

• A. interpreting policies, guidelines, and SDP to nursing and midwifery staff of the province
• B. assessing training needs and planning staff development programs for nursing and midwifery staff
• C. participating in planning, developing, and evaluating OJT for nurses and midwives conducted by the department
• D. collecting, consolidating, analyzing, and interpreting health records and reports and making recommendations as needed

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Collecting, consolidating, analyzing, and interpreting health records is not a primary function of a Provincial Nurse Supervisor. The primary functions of a Provincial Nurse Supervisor include interpreting policies, guidelines, and SDP to nursing and midwifery staff, assessing training needs, planning staff development programs, and participating in planning, developing, and evaluating OJT for nurses and midwives. While health records may be accessed for specific purposes, the core responsibilities of a Provincial Nurse Supervisor focus on staff management and development rather than direct involvement in health record analysis.

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