HESI LPN
Pharmacology HESI 2023
1. The healthcare provider is evaluating the effectiveness of metaproterenol for how do you know it's been effective?
- A. Increased heart rate and blood pressure
- B. Decreased white blood cell count
- C. Decreased wheezing upon auscultation
- D. Decreased respiratory rate
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The effectiveness of metaproterenol, a bronchodilator, is assessed by a decrease in wheezing upon auscultation. Wheezing indicates airway constriction, and a reduction in wheezing signifies improved airflow and bronchodilation due to the medication's action. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the expected outcome of metaproterenol therapy.
2. A client with a leg amputation is upset about his appearance. The LPN/LVN intends to address which most closely associated psychosocial problem?
- A. Inability to be mobile
- B. Isolating self from others
- C. Inability to tolerate activity
- D. Concern about body persona
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. A client with a leg amputation being upset about his appearance is most closely associated with concerns about body image and self-perception. This individual may be worried about how others perceive them, impacting their self-esteem and overall well-being. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the primary psychosocial issue in this scenario is related to body image and self-perception, not mobility, social isolation, or activity tolerance.
3. A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is washing her hands prior to assisting with a surgical procedure. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates proper surgical hand-washing techniques?
- A. The nurse washes with her hands held higher than her elbows.
- B. The nurse uses a brush to scrub under her nails.
- C. The nurse washes for at least 30 seconds.
- D. The nurse uses alcohol-based hand rub only.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Proper surgical hand-washing technique involves keeping the hands higher than the elbows to prevent contamination. Washing with hands held lower than the elbows can lead to potential contamination. Using a brush to scrub under the nails is not recommended as it can cause microabrasions, increasing infection risk. While washing for at least 30 seconds is a good practice for thorough hand hygiene, hand positioning is critical during surgical hand-washing. Using alcohol-based hand rub alone is insufficient for surgical hand-washing as it may not effectively remove dirt, debris, and transient microorganisms.
4. A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is confused and continually grabs at the nurse. Which of the following is a nursing action?
- A. Firmly tell the client not to grab
- B. Redirect the client’s attention
- C. Use physical restraints
- D. Avoid contact with the client
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Redirecting the client's attention is the appropriate nursing action in this scenario. When dealing with a confused client exhibiting grabbing behavior, redirection can help shift their focus to a more appropriate activity or object. Firmly telling the client not to grab may escalate the situation and create a confrontational environment, which is not recommended when caring for confused clients. The use of physical restraints should be a last resort and only implemented after all other strategies have been exhausted, as they can contribute to increased agitation and distress in older adults. Avoiding contact with the client is not a proactive approach to managing the behavior and may lead to feelings of neglect or abandonment in the client.
5. You organize community groups to participate in community activities. You can BEST motivate participation in the community health development program by:
- A. Conducting group work
- B. Instructing the people to agree with your plans
- C. Allowing the people to exercise decision-making
- D. Assigning people participative roles
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Allowing people to exercise decision-making is the best way to motivate participation in community activities. By involving the community in decision-making processes, you empower them and make them feel valued, which can lead to increased engagement and commitment. Choices A, B, and D do not foster a sense of ownership and empowerment among the community members, which are crucial for sustainable participation in community programs.