Nursing Elites

1. A child with a fever is prescribed acetaminophen. What should the caregiver teach the parents about administering this medication?

• A. Administer the medication with food
• B. Measure the dose with a household spoon
• C. Measure the dose with a proper measuring device
• D. Administer the medication only when the child has a high fever

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to measure the dose with a proper measuring device. Using a household spoon can lead to inaccurate dosing, which can be dangerous. Administering the medication with food or only when the child has a high fever are not the essential instructions related to the safe and effective administration of acetaminophen.

2. An additional defect is associated with exstrophy of the bladder. For what anomaly should the nurse assess the infant?

• A. Imperforate anus
• B. Absence of one kidney
• C. Congenital heart disease
• D. Pubic bone malformation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, pubic bone malformation. Exstrophy of the bladder is commonly associated with pubic bone malformation because the condition involves a defect in the pelvic region. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Imperforate anus, absence of one kidney, and congenital heart disease are not typically associated with exstrophy of the bladder.

3. A 2-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. What is the primary goal of therapy during the acute phase?

• A. Preventing coronary artery aneurysms
• B. Reducing fever
• C. Improving cardiac function
• D. Preventing dehydration

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary goal of therapy during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease is to prevent coronary artery aneurysms. Kawasaki disease is characterized by systemic vasculitis and the most serious complication is the development of coronary artery aneurysms. While reducing fever and improving cardiac function are important aspects of managing Kawasaki disease, the primary focus in the acute phase is to prevent the development of coronary artery aneurysms. Preventing dehydration is also essential but not the primary goal in managing Kawasaki disease.

4. A child with a diagnosis of leukemia is receiving chemotherapy. What is the most important nursing intervention?

• A. Monitor for signs of infection
• B. Monitor for signs of bleeding
• C. Monitor for signs of dehydration
• D. Monitor for signs of pain

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor for signs of infection. When a child is undergoing chemotherapy, their immune system is compromised, making them more susceptible to infections. Monitoring for signs of infection is crucial to promptly identify and treat any potential infections. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because although monitoring for bleeding, dehydration, and pain are important aspects of care, the priority for a child receiving chemotherapy is to prevent and detect infections due to their increased vulnerability.

5. The nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a child with Addison's disease. What would the nurse expect to find?

• A. Hypernatremia
• B. Hyperkalemia
• C. Hyperglycemia
• D. Hypercalcemia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In Addison's disease, adrenal insufficiency leads to decreased aldosterone production. The decreased aldosterone results in impaired sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, leading to hyperkalemia. Hypernatremia (Choice A) is unlikely because sodium reabsorption is impaired. Hyperglycemia (Choice C) is not a typical lab finding in Addison's disease. Hypercalcemia (Choice D) is not associated with Addison's disease; rather, it can be seen in conditions like hyperparathyroidism.

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