Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is not classified as an essential health service?

• A. Provision of eye glasses and dentures for the elderly
• B. Maternal and child care
• C. Basic sanitation and prevention and control of locally endemic diseases
• D. Promotion of proper nutrition, adequate supply of safe water, and health education

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The provision of eyeglasses and dentures for the elderly is not classified as an essential health service. Essential health services typically focus on preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative care that address the primary healthcare needs of individuals and communities. Choices B, C, and D are examples of essential health services as they directly contribute to improving and maintaining the health of populations. Maternal and child care, basic sanitation, disease prevention, nutrition promotion, safe water supply, and health education are essential components of public health initiatives.

2. What is the measure of the number of existing cases of a disease in a specific population at a given time?

• A. Incidence
• B. Prevalence
• C. Mortality rate
• D. Morbidity rate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Prevalence is the correct answer as it refers to the number of existing cases of a disease in a specific population at a given time. Incidence, on the other hand, refers to the number of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a specific period. Mortality rate is the measure of the number of deaths in a particular population due to a specific cause, while morbidity rate is the frequency of a disease in a specific population.

3. The nurse is teaching a 27-year-old client with asthma about the management of their therapeutic regimen. Which statement would indicate the need for additional instruction?

• A. ''I should monitor my peak flow every day.''
• B. ''I should contact the clinic if I am using my medication more often.''
• C. ''I need to limit my exercise, especially activities such as walking and running.''
• D. ''I should learn stress reduction and relaxation techniques.''

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Exercise, especially aerobic activities, is beneficial for clients with asthma as long as it is well-managed. Limiting exercise is not generally recommended unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider, indicating a need for further instruction in this case. Monitoring peak flow, contacting the clinic for increased medication use, and learning stress reduction techniques are all appropriate self-management strategies for asthma, indicating good understanding by the client.

4. An example of secondary prevention strategy would be:

• A. Screening for breast cancer in women who have no symptoms
• B. Using pain control medications for terminal cancer patients
• C. Educating teenagers about using condoms to prevent STDs
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Screening for breast cancer is a secondary prevention strategy aimed at early detection, which falls under secondary prevention as it focuses on early identification and intervention before the disease progresses. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to palliative care for symptom management in terminal cancer patients, which is not a secondary prevention strategy. Choice C is incorrect as educating teenagers about condom use is a primary prevention strategy to prevent the initial occurrence of STDs rather than intervening after exposure, making it a primary, not a secondary prevention strategy. Choice D is incorrect as there is a valid example of a secondary prevention strategy provided in choice A.

5. In a well-child clinic, the nurse examines many children daily. Which of the following toddlers requires further follow-up?

• A. A 13-month-old who is unable to walk
• B. A 20-month-old who is only using 2 and 3 word sentences
• C. A 24-month-old who cries during examination
• D. A 30-month-old who is only drinking from a sip cup

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a 30-month-old should have developed the skill to drink from a regular cup by this age. Drinking from a sip cup at this stage may indicate a delay in development. Choices A, B, and C are not as concerning as they can be within the range of normal development. A 13-month-old not walking yet, a 20-month-old using 2 and 3 word sentences, and a 24-month-old crying during examination are all behaviors that can fall within the spectrum of typical development for their respective ages.

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