HESI LPN
HESI Maternity 55 Questions
1. The embryo and fetus develop within a protective _______ in the uterus.
- A. amniotic sac
- B. umbilical cord
- C. neural tube
- D. embryonic disk
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, the amniotic sac. The amniotic sac is a fluid-filled structure that surrounds and protects the developing embryo and fetus in the uterus. It provides a cushion against external pressure, allows for movement and growth, and helps maintain a stable environment for the developing fetus. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta and serves as a conduit for nutrients and waste; the neural tube is a structure that forms the central nervous system in early embryonic development; and the embryonic disk is a structure that forms during gastrulation, one of the early stages of embryonic development.
2. The nurse is caring for an 8-year-old girl with an endocrine disorder involving the posterior pituitary gland. What care would the nurse expect to implement?
- A. Instructing the parents to report adverse reactions to the growth hormone treatment
- B. Teaching the parents how to administer desmopressin acetate
- C. Informing the parents that treatment continues during puberty
- D. Educating the parents to report signs of acute adrenal crisis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: For a child with a disorder of the posterior pituitary gland, desmopressin acetate is a medication commonly used to manage the condition by replacing the antidiuretic hormone. Instructing the parents on how to administer desmopressin acetate correctly is essential for the child's care. Choice A is incorrect because growth hormone treatment is not typically used for posterior pituitary disorders. Choice C is incorrect as treatment for this condition usually continues beyond puberty. Choice D is incorrect as acute adrenal crisis is not directly related to a disorder of the posterior pituitary gland.
3. A 6-year-old child with a diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is being discharged. What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Encourage participation in physical activity
- B. Provide a high-calorie diet
- C. Provide a low-sodium diet
- D. Administer intravenous fluids
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Encouraging regular physical activity is crucial in managing symptoms and improving joint function in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. It helps maintain joint mobility, muscle strength, and overall well-being. Providing a high-calorie diet (Choice B) is not typically recommended unless there are specific nutritional concerns or growth issues. A low-sodium diet (Choice C) may be beneficial in conditions like hypertension, but it is not a primary focus for JIA management. Administering intravenous fluids (Choice D) is not a routine part of managing JIA unless specifically indicated for hydration or medication administration.
4. What foods are appropriate for a 30-month-old toddler on a regular diet?
- A. Hamburger with bun and grapes
- B. Chicken fingers and french fries
- C. Hot dog with bun and potato chips
- D. Macaroni and cheese and Cheerios
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Macaroni and cheese and Cheerios are appropriate choices for a 30-month-old toddler on a regular diet. These foods are easy to chew, digest, and are generally well-liked by toddlers. Option A, a hamburger with bun and grapes, may be difficult for a toddler to handle due to the size of the hamburger and grapes pose a choking hazard. Option B, chicken fingers and french fries, may be too greasy and processed for a toddler's developing digestive system. Option C, hot dog with bun and potato chips, is also not ideal as hot dogs can be a choking hazard and potato chips are high in salt and may not provide adequate nutrition.
5. In a case where a limb is protruding from a mother's vagina during active labor, how should this condition be managed?
- A. Positioning the mother in a semi-Fowler's position, administering oxygen, and providing transport
- B. Positioning the mother in a head-down position with her hips elevated, administering oxygen, and providing transport
- C. Applying gentle traction to the protruding limb to remove pressure of the fetus from the umbilical cord
- D. Giving the mother 100% oxygen and attempting to manipulate the protruding limb so that delivery can occur
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a limb is protruding from the vagina during active labor, the appropriate management includes positioning the mother in a head-down position with her hips elevated. This position helps relieve pressure on the umbilical cord, reducing the risk of compromising fetal blood flow and oxygenation. Administering oxygen is essential to maintain oxygenation levels for both the mother and the fetus. Providing transport to a healthcare facility equipped to manage this obstetric emergency is crucial for ensuring a safe delivery. Choice A is incorrect because a semi-Fowler's position does not effectively relieve pressure on the umbilical cord. Choice C is incorrect as applying traction to the protruding limb can lead to injury or complications for both the mother and the fetus. Choice D is incorrect because attempting to manipulate the limb without proper positioning and preparation can worsen the situation and increase risks during delivery.