Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is the earliest school of nursing in the country?

• A. Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing
• B. St. Paul's Hospital School of Nursing
• C. University of Sto. Tomas College of Nursing
• D. Manila Central University

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing. This nursing school holds the distinction of being the earliest in the Philippines. St. Paul's Hospital School of Nursing, University of Sto. Tomas College of Nursing, and Manila Central University are not the oldest nursing schools in the country, making them incorrect choices.

2. A client was admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia. When auscultating the client's breath sounds, the nurse hears inspiratory crackles in the right base. Temperature is 102.3 degrees Fahrenheit orally. What finding would the nurse expect?

• A. Flushed skin
• B. Bradycardia
• C. Mental confusion
• D. Hypotension

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mental confusion. In this scenario, the client's high fever and pneumonia diagnosis indicate an infection. Infections, especially in older adults, can lead to mental confusion due to the body's systemic response to the infection. Flushed skin (choice A) is more commonly associated with fever but does not specifically relate to the client's condition. Bradycardia (choice B) and hypotension (choice D) are less likely findings in a client with pneumonia and a high fever; instead, tachycardia and increased blood pressure are more commonly seen in response to infection.

3. Care provided by specialists in health facilities such as medical centers, regional, and provincial hospitals falls under which level of care?

• A. Secondary level care
• B. Primary care
• C. Tertiary care
• D. Intermediate care

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Tertiary care is the correct answer because it involves specialized care provided by medical centers and regional or provincial hospitals. Primary care (Choice B) refers to basic healthcare services usually delivered by general practitioners, nurses, and other healthcare professionals. Secondary care (Choice A) involves specialized services provided by medical specialists and other health professionals who generally do not have first contact with patients. Intermediate care (Choice D) is not a recognized level of care in the typical healthcare system hierarchy; it may cause confusion as it's not a standard term used to describe levels of care.

4. Which presentation of an infectious disease is acquired through an indirect transmission?

• A. Syphilis contracted from a sexual partner.
• B. Measles resulting from a daycare center outbreak.
• C. Malaria following exposure in a mosquito-infested area.
• D. Nosocomial influenza spreading rapidly in a long-term care center.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Malaria is transmitted indirectly through mosquito bites. Choice A is incorrect as syphilis is acquired through direct contact with an infected sexual partner. Choice B is incorrect as measles can be transmitted through respiratory droplets in close contact settings like daycare centers. Choice D is incorrect as nosocomial influenza spreads within healthcare facilities through direct contact or droplets.

5. What is the focus of health promotion activities?

• A. Treating existing health conditions
• B. Preventing the onset of disease
• C. Providing palliative care
• D. Conducting clinical trials

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Preventing the onset of disease. Health promotion activities aim to prevent illnesses and promote overall well-being through education, lifestyle changes, and preventive measures. Choice A is incorrect as health promotion is not primarily about treating existing health conditions but rather preventing them. Choice C is incorrect because palliative care focuses on providing relief and comfort to patients with serious illnesses, not on preventing diseases. Choice D is also incorrect as conducting clinical trials is a research activity to test new treatments or interventions, not a focus of health promotion.

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