HESI LPN
HESI Maternity 55 Questions
1. Polygenic traits are those that are:
- A. developed during adolescence.
- B. transmitted by the mother.
- C. uncommon in humans.
- D. determined by several pairs of genes.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Polygenic traits, such as height and skin color, are determined by several pairs of genes working together. These traits are influenced by the combined effects of multiple genes across the genome, rather than being controlled by a single gene pair. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because polygenic traits are not specifically developed during adolescence, transmitted by the mother, or uncommon in humans. Understanding polygenic traits is essential in genetics as they demonstrate the complexity of genetic inheritance and the influence of multiple genes on a single trait.
2. Clients with type 1 diabetes may require which of the following changes to their daily routine during periods of infection?
- A. No change
- B. Less insulin
- C. More insulin
- D. Oral antidiabetic agents
Correct answer: C
Rationale: During periods of infection, clients with type 1 diabetes may require more insulin to manage the increased blood glucose levels caused by stress and illness. Insulin needs often rise during infections due to the body's increased resistance to the effects of insulin. Therefore, increasing insulin doses is crucial to maintain blood glucose control. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Option A ('No change') is inaccurate because during infections, insulin requirements typically increase. Option B ('Less insulin') is incorrect as the body's increased insulin resistance during infections usually necessitates higher insulin doses. Option D ('Oral antidiabetic agents') is not suitable for type 1 diabetes management as these medications are primarily used for type 2 diabetes.
3. A nurse is reviewing the correct use of a fire extinguisher with a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse direct the client to take first?
- A. Remove the safety pin from the extinguisher.
- B. Aim the extinguisher at the base of the fire.
- C. Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent.
- D. Sweep the extinguisher from side to side.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct first step in using a fire extinguisher is to remove the safety pin. This action enables the extinguisher to be activated and used effectively. Choice B, aiming the extinguisher at the base of the fire, comes after removing the safety pin. Choice C, squeezing the handle to release the extinguishing agent, and choice D, sweeping the extinguisher from side to side, are subsequent steps in using a fire extinguisher and should follow removing the safety pin.
4. Which of the following is considered normal for the neonate?
- A. Chest Circumference: 10 to 13 inches
- B. Length: 16 to 22 inches
- C. Weight: 1,500 to 4,000 g
- D. Head Circumference: 12.6 to 14.5 inches
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A normal head circumference for a neonate typically falls within the range of 12.6 to 14.5 inches. Choice A is incorrect because the chest circumference for a neonate is usually smaller. Choice B is incorrect as the length of a neonate is typically shorter. Choice C is incorrect as the weight of a neonate is usually measured in grams and falls within a different range.
5. UAP has lowered the head of the bed to change the linens for a client who is bedridden. Which observation...most immediate intervention by the nurse?
- A. A feeding is infusing at 40 mL/hr through an enteral feeding tube.
- B. The urine meter attached to the urinary drainage bag is completely full.
- C. There is a large dependent loop in the client's urinary drainage tubing.
- D. Purulent drainage is present around the insertion site of the feeding tube.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Purulent drainage around the insertion site of the feeding tube indicates an infection, which requires immediate attention. This may be a sign of a serious complication that needs prompt nursing intervention to prevent further complications or deterioration in the client's condition. Choices A, B, and C do not indicate an immediate threat to the client's health. While option A highlights the infusion rate of the feeding, it does not pose an immediate risk compared to the presence of purulent drainage indicating infection.