HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Study Guide
1. When teaching a responsible family member how to perform a certain procedure for the patient, what is the best approach?
- A. Perform all these steps
- B. Arrange for the practice of the procedure
- C. Describe the procedure
- D. Demonstrate the procedure
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The best approach when teaching a responsible family member a procedure for the patient is to demonstrate the procedure. By demonstrating, the family member can visually see how it is done, making it easier for them to understand and replicate. This hands-on approach is more effective than just describing the procedure (choice C) or arranging for practice (choice B) without a visual demonstration. Performing all the steps (choice A) may not be practical or necessary when the goal is to teach someone else how to do it.
2. When teaching the guardian of a 12-year-old male client about manifestations of puberty, which of the following physical changes typically occurs first?
- A. Appearance of downy hair on the upper lip
- B. Hair growth in the axillae
- C. Enlargement of the testes and scrotum
- D. Deepening of the voice
Correct answer: C
Rationale: During puberty in males, the first physical change that typically occurs is the enlargement of the testes and scrotum. This change is due to increased production of testosterone, which stimulates growth and development of the genital organs. The appearance of downy hair on the upper lip (Choice A) and hair growth in the axillae (Choice B) usually follow the enlargement of the testes and scrotum. Deepening of the voice (Choice D) is a later stage change that occurs during puberty as the larynx (voice box) grows and the vocal cords lengthen and thicken.
3. A client undergoing hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease is taking the medication erythropoietin. The nurse should reinforce instructions to explain for which reason this medication is prescribed?
- A. This drug prevents infections associated with dialysis.
- B. This drug prevents deep vein thrombosis in older clients.
- C. This drug helps stimulate the production of red blood cells.
- D. This drug helps balance the level of phosphorus in the body.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Erythropoietin is prescribed to stimulate the production of red blood cells. Clients undergoing hemodialysis often develop anemia due to end-stage renal disease. Erythropoietin helps correct this anemia by stimulating red blood cell production. It is not used to prevent infections associated with dialysis, prevent deep vein thrombosis, or balance phosphorus levels in the body.
4. The nurse is in charge of a Nursing unit in a long-term care facility. Which task is best for the nurse to assign to an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) who is helping with the care of several clients?
- A. Measure the amount of a client's residual urine after voiding
- B. Cleanse the perineal area of a client with urinary incontinence
- C. Insert a straight catheter to obtain a urine specimen for culture
- D. Provide catheter care for a client with a suprapubic catheter
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because cleaning the perineal area is a task within the scope of practice for unlicensed assistive personnel (UAPs) and is crucial for preventing infections. Choice A involves a more complex task that requires a healthcare provider's assessment. Choice C involves a sterile procedure that should be performed by licensed staff. Choice D involves specific care for a client with a catheter that exceeds the UAP's scope of practice.
5. What determines a child’s sex?
- A. Presence of teratogens at the time of conception.
- B. Sex chromosome received from the mother.
- C. Presence of teratogens at the time of ovulation.
- D. Sex chromosome received from the father.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is the sex chromosome received from the father. The father contributes either an X or Y chromosome, which determines the child's sex. This occurs at the moment of fertilization when the sperm carrying either an X (resulting in a female) or Y (resulting in a male) chromosome fertilizes the egg. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the presence of teratogens at the time of conception or ovulation does not determine the child's sex. While the sex chromosome received from the mother is important, it is the father's contribution that ultimately determines the child's sex.