Nursing Elites

1. How should the nurse manage a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who is receiving chemotherapy?

• A. Avoid all physical activity
• B. Ensure strict infection control measures
• C. Increase daily caloric intake
• D. Limit fluid intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ensure strict infection control measures. Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who are undergoing chemotherapy have compromised immune systems, making them highly susceptible to infections. Implementing strict infection control measures, such as hand hygiene, limiting exposure to sick individuals, and maintaining a clean environment, is essential to prevent infections. Choice A is incorrect because avoiding all physical activity may not be necessary as long as the child's activity level is appropriate. Choice C is incorrect because increasing daily caloric intake is important to support the child's nutritional needs during treatment. Choice D is incorrect because limiting fluid intake is not typically recommended unless specifically advised by the healthcare provider.

2. Why is randomization important in a scientific experiment?

• A. To minimize the impact of confounding variables.
• B. To eliminate bias in the assignment of subjects to groups.
• C. To contribute to the accuracy and validity of the experiment's results.
• D. To prevent systematic differences between groups.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Randomization is crucial in a scientific experiment to eliminate bias in the assignment of subjects to groups. By randomly assigning subjects, it helps ensure that any differences observed in the outcomes are due to the experimental treatment and not to preexisting differences between groups. Choice A is incorrect because randomization does not guarantee representativeness but rather minimizes the impact of confounding variables. Choice C is not entirely accurate; while randomization can contribute to accuracy and validity, its primary purpose is to reduce bias. Choice D is incorrect as the goal of randomization is not to balance the number of subjects but to prevent systematic differences between groups.

3. What type of vaccine should a child with a history of severe allergic reactions receive?

• A. Live attenuated vaccines
• B. Inactivated vaccines
• C. Subunit vaccines
• D. Recombinant vaccines

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Children with a history of severe allergic reactions should receive inactivated vaccines because they do not contain live pathogens. Live attenuated vaccines (choice A) contain weakened live pathogens and can potentially trigger an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals. Subunit vaccines (choice C) and recombinant vaccines (choice D) may contain components that could still trigger an allergic response in individuals with a history of severe allergies. Inactivated vaccines are the safest choice for individuals with a history of severe allergic reactions as they do not pose a risk of causing an allergic reaction due to the absence of live pathogens.

4. What is a long-term complication of cleft lip and palate?

• A. Cognitive impairment
• B. Altered growth and development
• C. Faulty dentition
• D. Physical abilities

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct long-term complication of cleft lip and palate is faulty dentition. Individuals with cleft lip and palate may experience dental issues such as missing, extra, or misaligned teeth, which can affect speech and the aesthetic appearance of the mouth. Cognitive impairment, as mentioned in choice A, is not a typical long-term complication associated with cleft lip and palate. While altered growth and development (choice B) can be affected during early stages, it is not a prominent long-term complication. Choice D, physical abilities, is not directly related to the typical long-term complications of cleft lip and palate.

5. How should a caregiver manage a child with a new diagnosis of sickle cell anemia?

• A. Ensure the child receives frequent blood transfusions
• B. Promote adequate hydration and pain management
• C. Restrict physical activity
• D. Administer high doses of vitamin C

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Promoting adequate hydration and pain management is crucial for managing sickle cell anemia to prevent crises and complications. Adequate hydration helps prevent sickling of red blood cells, while effective pain management is essential for addressing the frequent pain episodes associated with the condition. Ensuring the child receives frequent blood transfusions is not the initial management for sickle cell anemia; transfusions are usually reserved for specific complications. Restricting physical activity should be individualized based on the child's condition; some physical activity is beneficial for overall health. Administering high doses of vitamin C is not a standard treatment for sickle cell anemia and does not address the underlying pathology of the disease.

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