how should a nurse manage a child with a new diagnosis of sickle cell anemia

HESI LPN

LPN Nutrition Practice Test

1. How should a caregiver manage a child with a new diagnosis of sickle cell anemia?

A. Ensure the child receives frequent blood transfusions
B. Promote adequate hydration and pain management
C. Restrict physical activity
D. Administer high doses of vitamin C

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Promoting adequate hydration and pain management is crucial for managing sickle cell anemia to prevent crises and complications. Adequate hydration helps prevent sickling of red blood cells, while effective pain management is essential for addressing the frequent pain episodes associated with the condition. Ensuring the child receives frequent blood transfusions is not the initial management for sickle cell anemia; transfusions are usually reserved for specific complications. Restricting physical activity should be individualized based on the child's condition; some physical activity is beneficial for overall health. Administering high doses of vitamin C is not a standard treatment for sickle cell anemia and does not address the underlying pathology of the disease.

2. What is the most common initial symptom of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

A. Joint swelling and pain
B. Skin rash
C. Gastrointestinal bleeding
D. Neurological deficits

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Joint swelling and pain. These are the most common initial symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, typically affecting multiple joints. Skin rash (choice B), gastrointestinal bleeding (choice C), and neurological deficits (choice D) are not typical initial symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Skin rash may be seen in other conditions like dermatitis or systemic lupus erythematosus, gastrointestinal bleeding may be associated with conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, and neurological deficits could be indicative of conditions like multiple sclerosis.

3. What is an important consideration when administering medications to a child with a history of chronic renal failure?

A. Increased frequency of medication administration
B. Adjustments in dosage due to altered drug metabolism
C. Avoidance of all medications
D. Use of only intravenous medications

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When administering medications to a child with chronic renal failure, it is crucial to consider adjustments in dosage due to altered drug metabolism. Children with chronic renal failure may have impaired drug excretion, leading to potential drug accumulation and toxicity. Increasing the frequency of medication administration (choice A) may not address the altered drug metabolism issue and could increase the risk of adverse effects. Avoiding all medications (choice C) is not practical or safe as some medications may be necessary for the child's health. Using only intravenous medications (choice D) is not always required and may not be the best route of administration for all medications needed.

4. What is a common sign of an allergic reaction in children?

A. Persistent cough
B. Skin rash or hives
C. Increased appetite
D. Low-grade fever

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Skin rash or hives are common signs of an allergic reaction in children, often following exposure to allergens. While a persistent cough can occur in some cases, it is not typically a primary sign of an allergic reaction. Increased appetite is unrelated to allergic reactions. A low-grade fever is not a common sign of an allergic reaction but can be present in other conditions like infections.

5. How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1Â°C?

A. 10 calories
B. 100 calories
C. 1 kilocalorie
D. 10 kilocalories

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 1 kilocalorie. This is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1Â°C. Choice A (10 calories) and Choice D (10 kilocalories) are incorrect as they do not represent the correct unit of measurement for this specific scenario. Choice B (100 calories) is also incorrect as it overestimates the amount of energy required. The specific heat capacity of water is approximately 1 calorie/gram Â°C, which means that 1 kilogram (1000 grams) of water requires 1 kilocalorie (1000 calories) to raise its temperature by 1Â°C.