HESI LPN
HESI CAT Exam Quizlet
1. Following rectal surgery, a female client is very anxious about the pain she may experience during defecation. The nurse should collaborate with the healthcare provider to administer which type of medication?
- A. Bulk-forming agent
- B. Antianxiety agent
- C. Stool softener
- D. Stimulant cathartic
Correct answer: C
Rationale: After rectal surgery, a stool softener is the most appropriate medication to help prevent pain and straining during defecation. Stool softeners work by increasing the water content of the stool, making it easier to pass without discomfort. Bulk-forming agents (Choice A) help add mass to the stool but may not address the immediate post-operative discomfort. Antianxiety agents (Choice B) would address the anxiety but not the physical discomfort. Stimulant cathartics (Choice D) are not recommended after rectal surgery as they can cause cramping and increased bowel movements, potentially exacerbating pain.
2. A home health care nurse observes that a client with Parkinson's syndrome is experiencing increased tremors and difficulty in movement. What should the nurse do in response to this finding?
- A. Report the observed finding to the healthcare provider right away
- B. Arrange a medical evaluation so the medication dose can be adjusted
- C. Schedule a return home visit in 2 weeks to monitor
- D. Explain that this is an expected progression of Parkinson's
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In a client with Parkinson's syndrome experiencing increased tremors and movement difficulty, arranging a medical evaluation is crucial to adjust the medication dose. This proactive approach helps in managing the symptoms effectively. Reporting the finding to the healthcare provider may delay necessary adjustments in treatment. Scheduling a return home visit in 2 weeks may not address the immediate need for medication adjustment. Explaining that the progression is expected without taking action does not address the client's worsening symptoms.
3. The patient is admitted to a skilled care unit for rehabilitation after the surgical procedure of fixation of a fractured left hip. The patient's nursing diagnosis is Impaired physical mobility related to musculoskeletal impairment from surgery and pain with movement. The patient is able to use a walker but needs assistance ambulating and transferring from the bed to the chair. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for this patient?
- A. Obtain assistance and physically transfer the patient to the chair.
- B. Assist with ambulation and measure how far the patient walks.
- C. Give pain medication after ambulation so the patient will have a clear mind.
- D. Bring the patient to the cafeteria for group instruction on ambulation.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing intervention for this patient is to assist with ambulation and measure how far the patient walks. This intervention helps quantify the patient's progress in mobility and rehabilitation. Choice A is incorrect because physically transferring the patient does not focus on promoting independence or assessing progress. Choice C is inappropriate as pain medication should be given based on scheduled times or as needed, not specifically after ambulation. Choice D is not suitable as group instruction on ambulation is not as individualized or focused on the patient's current needs and abilities.
4. A client with asthma is prescribed an albuterol inhaler. Which instruction should the nurse provide?
- A. Use the inhaler only during an asthma attack
- B. Rinse your mouth after using the inhaler
- C. Shake the inhaler before each use
- D. Exhale fully before inhaling the medication
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to provide is to shake the inhaler before each use. Shaking the inhaler ensures proper mixing of the medication before administration, which is crucial for its effectiveness. Choice A is incorrect because albuterol inhalers are often used as a preventive measure, not just during asthma attacks. Choice B is a good practice to prevent oral fungal infections associated with inhaled corticosteroids, not typically with albuterol. Choice D is important for proper inhaler technique, but the primary step before inhaling is shaking the inhaler to ensure the medication is well mixed.
5. A client with pneumonia is experiencing difficulty expectorating thick secretions. What intervention should the nurse implement to assist the client?
- A. Administer antibiotics as prescribed
- B. Perform chest physiotherapy
- C. Encourage increased fluid intake
- D. Provide humidified oxygen
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct intervention for a client experiencing difficulty expectorating thick secretions due to pneumonia is to encourage increased fluid intake. Increasing fluid intake helps to thin secretions, making them easier to expectorate. Administering antibiotics (Choice A) is important in treating pneumonia but does not directly address the issue of thick secretions. Chest physiotherapy (Choice B) may help in some cases, but increasing fluid intake is a more straightforward and effective intervention. Providing humidified oxygen (Choice D) can help with oxygenation but does not directly address the problem of thick secretions.