HESI LPN
HESI CAT Exam 2024
1. An older male resident of a long-term care facility has been scratching his legs for the past 2 days. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Explain the importance of bathing or showering daily
- B. Encourage fluid intake of at least 2,000 ml daily
- C. Keep the legs covered as much as possible
- D. Apply emollient to the affected area at least twice daily
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct intervention for the nurse to implement in this scenario is to apply emollient to the affected area at least twice daily. This is because applying emollients helps address dry skin, which is a common cause of itching in older adults. Explaining the importance of bathing or showering daily (Choice A) may be helpful for general hygiene but may not specifically address the itching. Encouraging fluid intake (Choice B) and keeping the legs covered (Choice C) are not directly related to addressing the itching caused by dry skin.
2. The nurse is assessing a 13-year-old boy with type 2 diabetes mellitus. What would the nurse correlate with the disorder?
- A. The parents report that their child had 'a cold or flu' recently.
- B. Blood pressure is decreased when checking vital signs.
- C. The parents report that their son 'can’t drink enough water.'
- D. Auscultation reveals Kussmaul breathing.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Excessive thirst (polydipsia) is a common symptom of type 2 diabetes mellitus, indicating high blood glucose levels. This symptom occurs due to the body trying to get rid of excess glucose through urine, leading to dehydration and increased thirst. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Choice A is more indicative of a recent viral illness rather than a symptom of diabetes. Choice B, decreased blood pressure, is not typically associated with type 2 diabetes; in fact, diabetes can often lead to hypertension. Choice D, Kussmaul breathing, is more characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis, which is more common in type 1 diabetes rather than type 2 diabetes.
3. What is the primary symptom of a urinary tract infection in young children?
- A. Frequent urination
- B. Abdominal pain
- C. Vomiting
- D. Fever
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Fever. In young children, fever is a common primary symptom of a urinary tract infection, often accompanied by irritability and discomfort. Frequent urination (Choice A) is a symptom more commonly seen in adults with UTIs. While abdominal pain (Choice B) and vomiting (Choice C) can be present, they are not as primary as fever in young children with UTIs.
4. What assessment is the priority focus for a client with major depression?
- A. Mood and affect.
- B. Suicidal ideation.
- C. Nutritional status.
- D. Fluid and electrolyte balance.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Suicidal ideation. When dealing with a client diagnosed with major depression, assessing for suicidal ideation is of utmost importance. Individuals with major depression have an increased risk of suicide; hence, evaluating their risk for self-harm is crucial. Mood and affect, while important, come secondary to ensuring the safety of the client. Nutritional status and fluid and electrolyte balance are essential components of care but are not the priority when dealing with a client with major depression.
5. An LPN/LVN is reviewing the assessment data of a client admitted to the mental health unit. The nurse notes that the admission nurse documented that the client is experiencing anxiety as a result of a situational crisis. The nurse determines that this type of crisis is caused by:
- A. Witnessing a murder
- B. The death of a loved one
- C. A fire that destroyed the client's home
- D. A recent rape episode experienced by the client
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'The death of a loved one.' A situational crisis, like the death of a loved one, can lead to anxiety due to a significant change or loss in the person's life. Choices A, C, and D involve traumatic events, but a situational crisis typically refers to life events that disrupt an individual's normal pattern of living, such as the death of a loved one.