HESI LPN
Pediatric Practice Exam HESI
1. A nurse on the pediatric unit is observing the developmental skills of several 2-year-old children in the playroom. Which child should the nurse continue to evaluate?
- A. Cannot stand on one foot
- B. Builds a tower of 7 blocks
- C. Uses echolalia when speaking
- D. Colors outside the lines of a picture
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Using echolalia, which is the repetition of words or phrases, is not typical for a 2-year-old child and may indicate the need for further evaluation. Choices A, B, and D are all within the expected developmental skills for a 2-year-old. While most 2-year-olds may not be able to stand on one foot, it is not a cause for concern at this age. Building a tower of 7 blocks and coloring outside the lines of a picture are both appropriate for a 2-year-old's developmental skills.
2. When a child with a diagnosis of asthma is prescribed a peak flow meter, what should the nurse teach the child and parents about using this device?
- A. Use the device before taking medication
- B. Use the device during asthma attacks
- C. Record the best of three attempts
- D. Use the device after eating
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to record the best of three attempts when using a peak flow meter. This method provides a more accurate measure of peak expiratory flow. Choice A is incorrect because using the device before taking medication may not reflect the actual peak flow, as medication can affect lung function. Choice B is incorrect as using the device during asthma attacks may not be feasible or safe, as the focus during an attack should be on managing symptoms rather than measuring peak flow. Choice D is incorrect because using the device after eating may not provide an accurate measurement of peak flow, as digestion can affect lung function temporarily.
3. Which preventive measure can be employed to decrease the risk of compartment syndrome?
- A. The administration of a potassium-sparing diuretic for heart failure
- B. A bivalve cast for a skeletal fracture
- C. A cerebral diuretic to decrease intracranial pressure after a head injury
- D. A chest tube to restore normal intrathoracic pressure after a pneumothorax
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. A bivalve cast can help decrease the risk of compartment syndrome by providing space for swelling, thus preventing the build-up of pressure within the muscles. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they are not directly related to preventing compartment syndrome. Choice A is more focused on managing heart failure, choice C on reducing intracranial pressure, and choice D on restoring intrathoracic pressure after a pneumothorax, which are not relevant to preventing compartment syndrome.
4. How many vitamins are known to be required in the diet of human beings?
- A. 5
- B. 8
- C. 10
- D. 13
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 13. There are 13 essential vitamins required in the diet of human beings, including vitamins A, C, D, E, K, and the B vitamins. Choice A (5), Choice B (8), and Choice C (10) are incorrect because they do not represent the total number of essential vitamins needed by human beings.
5. What should the nurse suggest to a parent asking for advice on managing their child's earache and fever?
- A. Applying a warm compress to the affected ear
- B. Giving the child a cold drink
- C. Administering acetaminophen
- D. Taking the child to the emergency department
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to suggest applying a warm compress to the affected ear. This can help alleviate pain and discomfort associated with the earache. Giving a cold drink (Choice B) may not address the underlying issue and is not a recommended treatment for earaches. Administering acetaminophen (Choice C) can help reduce fever but may not directly target the earache. Taking the child to the emergency department (Choice D) is usually not necessary for a common earache unless there are severe symptoms or complications present.