Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare provider is assessing a 3-month-old infant with suspected pyloric stenosis. What clinical manifestation is the healthcare provider likely to observe?

• A. Projectile vomiting
• B. Diarrhea
• C. Constipation
• D. Abdominal distension

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Projectile vomiting is a classic clinical manifestation of pyloric stenosis in infants. This occurs due to the narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, leading to the forceful expulsion of gastric contents in a projectile manner. Diarrhea (choice B) is not typically associated with pyloric stenosis. Constipation (choice C) is also not a common symptom of this condition. Abdominal distension (choice D) may occur in pyloric stenosis but is not as specific or characteristic as projectile vomiting in diagnosing this condition.

2. A nurse is planning an evening snack for a child receiving Novolin N insulin. What is the reason for this nursing action?

• A. To encourage the child to stay on the diet.
• B. Energy is needed for immediate utilization.
• C. Extra calories will help the child gain weight.
• D. Nourishment helps to counteract late insulin activity.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Novolin N insulin peaks in the evening, leading to a higher risk of hypoglycemia during this time. Providing a snack before bedtime helps counteract the late insulin activity and prevent hypoglycemia. Choice A is incorrect as the primary reason for the snack is related to insulin activity rather than diet compliance. Choice B is not directly related to the timing of Novolin N insulin administration. Choice C is unrelated to the specific need for a snack in the evening to address insulin activity.

3. A 2-year-old child with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is being discharged. What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

• A. Maintain a structured routine
• B. Encourage social interaction
• C. Use positive reinforcement
• D. Use a communication board

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to maintain a structured routine. Children with autism spectrum disorder benefit from a structured routine as it provides them with stability and predictability, which can help reduce anxiety and improve behavior management. Encouraging social interaction (Choice B) may not be suitable for all children with autism, as some may struggle with social skills. While positive reinforcement (Choice C) is a helpful strategy, maintaining a structured routine is more essential for overall management in children with autism spectrum disorder. Using a communication board (Choice D) may be beneficial for communication, but establishing a structured routine is a foundational strategy that should be prioritized in the discharge teaching for a child with autism spectrum disorder.

4. What treatment should the nurse suggest to an adolescent with type 1 diabetes if an insulin reaction is experienced while at a basketball game?

• A. Call your parents immediately.
• B. Buy a soda and hamburger to eat.
• C. Administer insulin as soon as possible.
• D. Leave the arena and rest until the symptoms subside.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When an adolescent with type 1 diabetes experiences an insulin reaction, it is essential to quickly raise their blood sugar levels. Buying a soda and a hamburger to eat is the best choice in this situation as it provides a fast-acting source of sugar to counteract hypoglycemia. Calling parents immediately may cause a delay in receiving appropriate treatment. Administering insulin would further lower blood sugar levels, worsening the situation. Leaving the arena and resting would not address the immediate need to raise blood sugar levels.

5. A child has been diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome, and a nurse is providing care. What is the priority nursing intervention?

• A. Administering diuretics
• B. Monitoring urine output
• C. Administering corticosteroids
• D. Restricting fluid intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The priority nursing intervention when caring for a child with nephrotic syndrome is monitoring urine output. This is essential for assessing kidney function and managing the condition effectively. Administering diuretics (Choice A) may be a part of the treatment plan but should not be the priority over monitoring urine output. Administering corticosteroids (Choice C) may also be a treatment for nephrotic syndrome, but monitoring urine output takes precedence. Restricting fluid intake (Choice D) may be necessary in some cases, but it is not the priority intervention compared to monitoring urine output for early detection of changes in kidney function.

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