Nursing Elites

1. When teaching a class of new parents about positioning their infants during the first few weeks of life, which position is safest?

• A. On the back, lying flat
• B. On either side, lying flat
• C. Head slightly elevated on the left side
• D. Head slightly elevated on the right side

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'On the back, lying flat'. Placing infants on their back to sleep is recommended to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This position helps ensure the baby's airway remains clear and reduces the likelihood of suffocation. Choices B, C, and D are not as safe as placing the infant on their back, as they may increase the risk of accidental suffocation or SIDS.

2. A nurse is caring for an infant with phenylketonuria (PKU). What diet should the nurse anticipate will be ordered by the healthcare provider?

• A. Fat-free
• B. Protein-enriched
• C. Phenylalanine-free
• D. Low-phenylalanine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A low-phenylalanine diet is necessary for infants with PKU because it helps prevent the accumulation of phenylalanine, which can result in brain damage. Fat-free (Choice A) and protein-enriched (Choice B) diets are not specifically indicated for PKU. While phenylalanine-free (Choice C) may seem logical, complete elimination of phenylalanine is not practical or safe as it is an essential amino acid. Therefore, the correct choice is a low-phenylalanine diet, which restricts phenylalanine intake to a safe level.

3. A child with a diagnosis of leukemia is receiving chemotherapy. What is the priority nursing intervention?

• A. Monitoring for signs of infection
• B. Providing nutritional support
• C. Monitoring for signs of bleeding
• D. Monitoring for signs of pain

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a child with leukemia receiving chemotherapy is monitoring for signs of infection. Chemotherapy can suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of infections. Detecting and managing infections promptly is crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes. Providing nutritional support is important, but infection prevention takes precedence due to the immediate threat it poses to the child's health. Monitoring for signs of bleeding is relevant in leukemia due to decreased platelet count, but infection surveillance is more critical. Monitoring for signs of pain is essential, but addressing infections promptly is the priority to prevent further deterioration in the child's condition.

4. The nurse is assessing a family to determine if they have access to adequate health care. Which statement accurately describes how certain families are affected by common barriers to health care?

• A. After a decade of escalation, the percentage of children living in low-income families has been on the decline since 2000.
• B. White, non-Hispanic children overall are more likely than African American and Hispanic children to be in very good or excellent health.
• C. The proportion of children between the ages of 6 and 18 who are overweight is decreasing, but a large increase is occurring in African American females.
• D. The overall health care plan of working families may improve access to specialty care but limit access to preventive services.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Choice B is the correct answer because it accurately states that White, non-Hispanic children are more likely to be in very good or excellent health compared to African American and Hispanic children. This reflects a disparity in health outcomes among different racial groups. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is unrelated to the impact of common barriers to health care on families. Choice C talks about overweight children but does not address access to health care. Choice D discusses the impact of the overall health care plan on working families but does not specifically address the disparity in health status among different racial groups.

5. The mother of an 8-year-old girl with a broken arm is the nurturer in the family. Which nursing activity should be focused on her?

• A. Teaching proper care procedures
• B. Dealing with insurance coverage
• C. Determining success of treatment
• D. Transmitting information to family members

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, focusing on teaching the mother proper care procedures is crucial. This empowers the mother to provide appropriate care for her daughter's broken arm, promoting optimal healing. Dealing with insurance coverage (Choice B) is important but not the immediate focus for the mother. Determining the success of treatment (Choice C) is typically done by healthcare professionals, not family members. Transmitting information to family members (Choice D) may be beneficial but ensuring the primary caregiver, in this case, the mother, is well-informed and capable of providing care takes precedence.

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