Nursing Elites

1. When evaluating a child with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for medication management, what is an important assessment for the nurse to perform?

• A. Assess the child's sleep patterns
• B. Assess the child's dietary intake
• C. Assess the child's academic performance
• D. Assess the child's behavior at home

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Assessing the child's dietary intake is crucial as certain foods and additives can affect ADHD symptoms. Ensuring a balanced diet can help manage symptoms and provide proper nutrition. Assessing sleep patterns (Choice A) is also important, but dietary intake is more directly linked to symptom management in ADHD. Academic performance (Choice C) and behavior at home (Choice D) may be affected by ADHD but are not as directly related to medication management as dietary intake.

2. The parents of a child with asthma ask the nurse how they can help their child prevent asthma attacks. What should the nurse advise?

• A. Avoid exposure to allergens
• B. Encourage regular exercise
• C. Provide a high-protein diet
• D. Increase fluid intake

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the parents to avoid exposure to allergens. Asthma attacks are often triggered by allergens such as dust mites, pollen, pet dander, and mold. By minimizing the child's exposure to these triggers, the likelihood of asthma attacks can be reduced. Encouraging regular exercise is beneficial for overall health but may not directly prevent asthma attacks. Providing a high-protein diet and increasing fluid intake are important for general well-being but do not specifically address asthma prevention.

3. A school nurse is educating parents of school-age children on the significance of immunizations for childhood communicable diseases. What preventable disease may lead to the complication of encephalitis?

• A. Varicella (Chickenpox)
• B. Scarlet fever
• C. Poliomyelitis
• D. Whooping cough

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Varicella (Chickenpox). Varicella can lead to the complication of encephalitis, characterized by brain inflammation. Encephalitis is a known complication of chickenpox in rare cases. Scarlet fever (choice B) is caused by Streptococcus bacteria and does not typically result in encephalitis. Poliomyelitis (choice C) primarily affects the spinal cord and does not lead to encephalitis. Whooping cough (choice D) can cause severe coughing spells but does not directly result in encephalitis.

4. An additional defect is associated with exstrophy of the bladder. For what anomaly should the nurse assess the infant?

• A. Imperforate anus
• B. Absence of one kidney
• C. Congenital heart disease
• D. Pubic bone malformation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pubic bone malformation. Exstrophy of the bladder is commonly associated with pubic bone malformation as the condition involves a defect in the pelvic region. Imperforate anus, absence of one kidney, and congenital heart disease are not typically associated with exstrophy of the bladder, making them incorrect choices. Therefore, the nurse should primarily assess the infant for pubic bone malformation in this case.

5. A child with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is being discharged from the hospital. What is important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching?

• A. Monitor blood glucose levels daily
• B. Administer insulin based on blood glucose levels
• C. Recognize signs of hypoglycemia
• D. Follow a specific meal plan

Correct answer: D

Rationale: For a child with diabetes mellitus, following a specific meal plan is crucial for managing blood glucose levels effectively. This helps in maintaining stable blood sugar levels and preventing complications associated with the condition. Monitoring blood glucose levels daily and recognizing signs of hypoglycemia are also important aspects of managing diabetes; however, adherence to a specific meal plan plays a fundamental role in overall diabetes care. Administering insulin based on blood glucose levels alone is not recommended without a specific plan provided by healthcare providers.

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