Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is reviewing the immunization schedule of an 11-month-old infant. What immunizations does the nurse expect the infant to have previously received?

• A. Pertussis, tetanus, polio, and measles
• B. Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and polio
• C. Rubella, polio, tuberculosis, and pertussis
• D. Measles, mumps, rubella, and tuberculosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and polio. By 11 months of age, infants should have received doses of these vaccines as part of the immunization schedule. Choice A is incorrect because measles is usually given later in the schedule. Choice C is incorrect as rubella is usually given as part of the MMR vaccine, not individually, and tuberculosis is not routinely given as a vaccine in early infancy. Choice D is incorrect because mumps is not part of the recommended vaccines at 11 months of age.

2. The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old boy whose parents brought him to the clinic when they noticed that the right side of his abdomen was swollen. What finding would suggest this child has a neuroblastoma?

• A. The child has a maculopapular rash on his palms.
• B. The parents report that their son is vomiting and not eating well.
• C. The parents report that their son is irritable and not gaining weight.
• D. Auscultation reveals wheezing with diminished lung sounds.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vomiting and poor appetite are common symptoms of neuroblastoma, a malignancy that arises from neural crest cells in the adrenal glands or sympathetic nervous system. This tumor can cause abdominal swelling due to its location and size, leading to symptoms like vomiting and decreased appetite. The presence of a maculopapular rash on the palms (Choice A) is not a typical finding associated with neuroblastoma. Irritability and failure to thrive (Choice C) are nonspecific symptoms that can be seen in various conditions but are not specifically indicative of neuroblastoma. Auscultation revealing wheezing with diminished lung sounds (Choice D) may suggest respiratory conditions rather than neuroblastoma.

3. A group of students is reviewing the components of the endocrine system. The students demonstrate understanding of the review when they identify what as the primary function of this system?

• A. Regulation of water balance
• B. Hormonal secretion
• C. Cellular metabolism
• D. Growth stimulation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the endocrine system is hormonal secretion. This system is responsible for producing and releasing hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as growth, metabolism, and mood. Choice A, regulation of water balance, is more related to the functions of the renal system rather than the endocrine system. Choice C, cellular metabolism, is a general cellular process that involves various systems, not specific to the endocrine system. Choice D, growth stimulation, though hormones can influence growth, it is not the primary function of the endocrine system. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

4. Which nursing intervention provides the most support to the parents of an infant with an obvious physical anomaly?

• A. Encourage them to express their concerns.
• B. Discourage them from talking about their baby.
• C. Assure them not to worry because the anomaly can be repaired.
• D. Show them postoperative photographs of infants who had a similar anomaly.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Encouraging parents to express their concerns is the most supportive intervention as it allows them to process their emotions and provides an opportunity for the nurse to offer appropriate support and information. This choice focuses on validating the parents' feelings and creating an open communication channel. Choices B and C are incorrect as they can hinder the parents' emotional processing and may provide false reassurance. Choice D, showing postoperative photographs, may not be appropriate at this stage as it might not address the parents' current emotional needs and could induce anxiety or unrealistic expectations.

5. A 10-year-old girl is living with a foster family. Which intervention is the priority for the child in this family structure?

• A. Determining if the child is being bullied at school
• B. Dealing with mixed expectations of parents
• C. Establishing who is the child's actual caretaker
• D. Performing a comprehensive health assessment

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Performing a comprehensive health assessment is crucial for a child living with a foster family as they may have moved between different homes, leading to incomplete medical records. This assessment helps identify any existing health issues, ensure appropriate care, and address any unmet health needs. While addressing issues like bullying or parental expectations is important, the immediate priority should be ensuring the child's overall health and well-being. Establishing the actual caretaker is also important but may not be as urgent as addressing potential health concerns.

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