HESI LPN
HESI Fundamentals 2023 Quizlet
1. While ambulating an unsteady client who begins to fall, which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Allow the client to slide down their outstretched leg.
- B. Place their arms around the client to prevent the fall.
- C. Remain upright as the client falls toward them.
- D. Move quickly to a position in front of the client.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When a client is falling, allowing them to slide down your leg can help control the descent and prevent injury. This technique ensures a more controlled fall compared to attempting to catch or stop the client abruptly, which could lead to both the client and the nurse getting injured. Placing arms around the client may not provide enough support or control during the fall. Remaining upright or moving quickly in front of the client might not be practical or safe in this scenario.
2. Which of the following statements about breastfeeding is correct?
- A. Breastfeeding within 30 minutes after birth can stimulate breastmilk production
- B. Breastmilk should be started 24 hours after delivery
- C. Breastmilk given exclusively for the first 4 to 6 months of life helps avoid introduction of infection
- D. Breastfeeding should be done as often as the baby wants
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement about breastfeeding is that breastmilk given exclusively for the first 4 to 6 months of life helps avoid the introduction of infection. This practice is recommended by health experts for optimal infant health. Choice A is incorrect because breastfeeding should ideally start within the first hour after birth to stimulate breastmilk production. Choice B is incorrect because breastmilk should be initiated as soon as possible after delivery, not after 24 hours. Choice D is incorrect because while feeding on demand is generally encouraged, it should also follow a schedule to ensure adequate nutrition and growth for the baby.
3. During a home visit, a client with a history of angina reports frequent headaches. The client recently started a new prescription for diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Explain the importance of obtaining a blood sample promptly to test for medication toxicity
- B. Consult with the healthcare provider regarding the necessity of an opioid analgesic for pain relief
- C. Recommend the client to discontinue the medication until contacting the healthcare provider
- D. Instruct the client on the use of acetaminophen every 4-6 hours as needed for headaches
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take is to instruct the client to use acetaminophen for headaches. Acetaminophen is a suitable and safer option for managing headaches associated with calcium channel blockers like diltiazem. It is essential to avoid medications that can interact negatively with diltiazem, such as opioid analgesics. Discontinuing the medication abruptly without consulting the healthcare provider is not recommended. Monitoring for medication toxicity through blood samples is not typically indicated for managing headaches in this scenario.
4. A client who took a camping vacation two weeks ago in a country with a tropical climate comes to the clinic describing vague symptoms and diarrhea for the past week. Which finding is most important for the nurse to report to the HCP?
- A. Weakness and fatigue
- B. Intestinal cramping
- C. Weight loss
- D. Jaundiced sclera
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The most important finding to report to the healthcare provider is a jaundiced sclera. Jaundice suggests liver involvement, which can be a sign of a serious underlying condition. Weakness and fatigue, intestinal cramping, and weight loss are important symptoms, but jaundice indicates a more urgent issue that needs immediate attention.
5. Which of the following BEST describes the strategies to address the nutrition problems of Filipinos related to non-communicable diseases?
- A. Aiming for ideal body weight
- B. Considering food preferences of family members
- C. Building healthy nutrition-related practices
- D. Choosing food wisely
Correct answer: B
Rationale: While considering food preferences of family members is important in promoting adherence to a healthy diet, the best strategies to address nutrition problems related to non-communicable diseases should focus on evidence-based approaches like aiming for an ideal body weight, building healthy nutrition-related practices, and choosing food wisely to improve overall health outcomes.