HESI LPN
HESI Fundamentals 2023 Test Bank
1. When admitting an older adult client who is Hispanic, which of the following cultural considerations should the nurse include when developing the plan of care?
- A. The Hispanic culture views late adulthood as a time of wisdom and experience
- B. The Hispanic culture expects adult children to care for older adult parents
- C. The Hispanic culture identifies the eldest female family member as the decision maker
- D. The Hispanic culture expects individuals to make their own decisions when death is imminent
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In Hispanic culture, there is an expectation that adult children will care for their older parents, emphasizing a strong family support system. This cultural value highlights the importance of filial piety and respect for elders within the family structure. Choice A is incorrect because Hispanic culture generally values late adulthood as a time of wisdom and experience, not a negative time. Choice C is incorrect as Hispanic culture typically involves collective family decision-making rather than assigning decision-making solely to the eldest female member. Choice D is incorrect as Hispanic culture values family support and involvement in end-of-life decisions rather than individual decision-making.
2. A 1-year-old child has a congenital cardiac malformation that causes right-to-left shunting of blood through the heart. What clinical finding should the nurse expect?
- A. Proteinuria
- B. Peripheral edema
- C. Elevated hematocrit
- D. Absence of pedal pulses
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In a child with a congenital cardiac malformation causing right-to-left shunting of blood, the nurse should expect an elevated hematocrit. This occurs because the body compensates for decreased oxygenation by producing more red blood cells. Proteinuria (Choice A) is not a typical clinical finding related to right-to-left shunting. Peripheral edema (Choice B) is more commonly associated with conditions causing volume overload, such as left-sided heart failure. Absence of pedal pulses (Choice D) is not directly related to right-to-left shunting but may be seen in conditions affecting peripheral circulation.
3. The LPN/LVN is caring for a client with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which intervention is most appropriate for the nurse to implement?
- A. Encourage the client to talk about the traumatic event.
- B. Assist the client in developing coping strategies.
- C. Refer the client to a PTSD support group.
- D. Administer prescribed medications to manage symptoms.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Assisting the client in developing coping strategies is an appropriate intervention for managing PTSD. This approach helps the client build resilience and learn how to effectively cope with symptoms. Choice A, encouraging the client to talk about the traumatic event, may not be appropriate as it can potentially re-traumatize the client. Referring the client to a PTSD support group, as in choice C, can be beneficial but may not be the most immediate intervention. Administering medications, as in choice D, is important in some cases, but focusing on coping strategies should be prioritized as a holistic approach to managing PTSD.
4. A 2-year-old child with a diagnosis of hemophilia is admitted to the hospital. What should the nurse include in the care plan?
- A. Encourage participation in contact sports
- B. Use a soft toothbrush for oral care
- C. Administer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- D. Administer aspirin for pain
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Using a soft toothbrush helps to prevent bleeding in a child with hemophilia.
5. What is a common sign of a urinary tract infection in older children?
- A. Frequent urination
- B. Increased appetite
- C. Elevated blood pressure
- D. Decreased energy levels
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Frequent urination is a common sign of a urinary tract infection in older children. It is often accompanied by other symptoms such as pain or discomfort. Increased appetite (Choice B) is not typically associated with urinary tract infections. Elevated blood pressure (Choice C) is more commonly linked to conditions like hypertension, not urinary tract infections. Decreased energy levels (Choice D) can be a sign of various health issues but are not a typical symptom of a urinary tract infection.