HESI LPN
HESI Practice Test Pharmacology
1. A client with rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed leflunomide. What instruction should the nurse include in the client's teaching plan?
- A. Avoid alcohol while taking this medication.
- B. Take this medication with food to decrease gastrointestinal upset.
- C. Avoid sunlight while taking this medication.
- D. Report any signs of infection to the healthcare provider.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Leflunomide can increase sensitivity to sunlight. While it is important to avoid excessive sun exposure, the critical instruction for the client is to avoid alcohol while taking this medication. Alcohol can potentiate the hepatotoxic effects of leflunomide, making it crucial for the client to abstain from alcohol consumption to prevent liver damage.
2. What does the term 'vital statistics' refer to?
- A. The systematic study of vital events such as births, illnesses, marriages, divorce, separation, and deaths
- B. Morbidity
- C. Statistics
- D. Mortality
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The term 'vital statistics' specifically refers to the systematic study of vital events, including births, illnesses, marriages, divorces, separations, and deaths. This field focuses on quantifying and analyzing these essential life events within a population. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while they may be related to data collection and analysis, they do not encompass the broad spectrum of vital events covered under the term 'vital statistics.' Morbidity refers to the prevalence of a specific illness or disease within a population, statistics is a more general term for numerical data analysis, and mortality specifically pertains to deaths within a population.
3. A client with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is prescribed risperidone. The nurse should monitor for which potential side effect?
- A. Weight gain
- B. Tremors
- C. Insomnia
- D. Hyperglycemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Weight gain. When a client is prescribed risperidone, monitoring weight is crucial due to the potential side effect of weight gain associated with this medication. This side effect can be significant as it may lead to other health issues. Choice B, Tremors, is not typically associated with risperidone use. Choice C, Insomnia, is less likely to be a direct side effect of risperidone compared to weight gain. Choice D, Hyperglycemia, is a possible side effect of some antipsychotic medications, but it is not commonly associated with risperidone.
4. Which nursing intervention is most important for the nurse to implement when caring for an older client who is legally blind?
- A. Keep the room well-lit at all times.
- B. Speak to the client each time the nurse enters the room.
- C. Ensure the client wears glasses at all times.
- D. Provide written instructions in large print.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to speak to the client each time the nurse enters the room. This intervention is crucial for orienting and reassuring the client, promoting safety, and facilitating communication. Keeping the room well-lit (Choice A) can be helpful but is not as essential as direct verbal communication. Ensuring the client wears glasses (Choice C) may not be feasible or necessary for someone who is legally blind. Providing written instructions in large print (Choice D) is not effective for a client with visual impairments.
5. Monozygotic (MZ) twins share _________ percent of their genes.
- A. 100
- B. 75
- C. 50
- D. 25
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Monozygotic (MZ) twins share 100% of their genes because they originate from the same fertilized egg that splits into two, resulting in identical genetic material for both twins. Choice B (75%) is incorrect as it implies a partial genetic similarity, which is not the case for MZ twins. Choice C (50%) is incorrect as it suggests half of the genes are shared, which is applicable to dizygotic (DZ) twins, not MZ. Choice D (25%) is incorrect as it indicates minimal genetic sharing, which is not true for MZ twins.