Nursing Elites

1. A client has just returned to the medical-surgical unit following a segmental lung resection. After assessing the client, the first nursing action would be to:

• A. Administer pain medication
• B. Suction excessive tracheobronchial secretions
• C. Assist the client to turn, deep breathe, and cough
• D. Monitor oxygen saturation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: After a segmental lung resection, the priority nursing action should be to suction excessive tracheobronchial secretions. This helps in preventing airway obstruction from secretions, ensuring the patency of the airway and optimizing respiratory function. Administering pain medication can be important but addressing airway clearance takes precedence. Assisting the client to turn, deep breathe, and cough is essential for respiratory hygiene but not the first action immediately post-op. Monitoring oxygen saturation is crucial, but ensuring airway clearance is the priority to prevent complications.

2. The process by which an individual gains knowledge and skills to improve their health and well-being is known as:

• A. Health literacy
• B. Health education
• C. Health promotion
• D. Health behavior

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Health education. Health education is the process through which individuals acquire knowledge and skills to enhance their health and well-being. Health literacy (choice A) refers to the ability to understand and use health information, but it is not the same as the process of gaining knowledge and skills. Health promotion (choice C) involves advocating for health and implementing interventions to improve health outcomes, rather than the individual learning process. Health behavior (choice D) pertains to the actions individuals take regarding their health, not specifically the process of gaining knowledge and skills.

3. A young child is admitted for treatment of lead poisoning. The nurse recognizes that the most serious effect of chronic lead poisoning is

• A. Central nervous system damage
• B. Moderate anemia
• C. Renal tubule damage
• D. Growth impairment

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Chronic lead poisoning can lead to severe and irreversible damage to the central nervous system, including cognitive and developmental delays. Central nervous system damage is the most serious effect of chronic lead poisoning because it can have long-lasting consequences on a child's cognitive function and overall development. Moderate anemia (Choice B), renal tubule damage (Choice C), and growth impairment (Choice D) can also occur due to lead poisoning, but they are not as severe or potentially irreversible as the damage to the central nervous system.

4. In formulating an objective of a community care plan, she expected results and people taking part in the activities should be clearly defined. This refers to an objective which is:

• A. time-bound
• B. specific
• C. resource-oriented
• D. measurable

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'specific.' In formulating a community care plan, defining expected results and participant roles require objectives to be specific to provide clear guidance and outcomes. 'Time-bound' refers to setting deadlines, 'resource-oriented' focuses on utilizing available resources efficiently, and 'measurable' indicates the ability to quantify progress, but these aspects do not necessarily address the need for clarity and definition in defining expected results and participant roles.

5. When teaching a responsible family member how to perform a certain procedure for the patient, what is the best approach?

• A. Perform all these steps
• B. Arrange for the practice of the procedure
• C. Describe the procedure
• D. Demonstrate the procedure

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The best approach when teaching a responsible family member a procedure for the patient is to demonstrate the procedure. By demonstrating, the family member can visually see how it is done, making it easier for them to understand and replicate. This hands-on approach is more effective than just describing the procedure (choice C) or arranging for practice (choice B) without a visual demonstration. Performing all the steps (choice A) may not be practical or necessary when the goal is to teach someone else how to do it.

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