HESI LPN
Pharmacology HESI 2023 Quizlet
1. In the emergency department, a child is admitted for accidental ingestion of a poison. The practical nurse (PN) should know that inducing vomiting is recommended for which child?
- A. An 8-month-old who ingested four to six ibuprofen tablets
- B. A 3-year-old who drank an unknown amount of charcoal lighter fluid
- C. A 16-month-old who ingested 2 ounces of acetaminophen elixir
- D. A 2-year-old who ate a handful of automatic dishwasher detergent
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Inducing emesis is recommended for the child who ingested a large dose of acetaminophen elixir because this medication is hepatotoxic. Acetaminophen overdose can lead to severe liver damage, and prompt removal from the stomach can help reduce absorption and potential harm.
2. A client with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is prescribed alprazolam (Xanax). What is the most important teaching point for the nurse to include?
- A. Take this medication at the first sign of anxiety.
- B. Do not stop taking this medication abruptly.
- C. You may experience weight gain while taking this medication.
- D. This medication may cause vivid dreams.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most important teaching point for a client prescribed alprazolam is not to stop taking the medication abruptly. Abruptly stopping alprazolam, a benzodiazepine, can lead to withdrawal symptoms. It is crucial to taper off the medication under medical supervision to prevent adverse effects. Choice A is incorrect because taking the medication at the first sign of anxiety is not the key teaching point. Choice C is incorrect because weight gain is not a common side effect of alprazolam. Choice D is incorrect because vivid dreams are not a significant concern compared to the risks of abrupt discontinuation of the medication.
3. A female adult walks into a local community health clinic and tells the nurse that she is homeless and cannot seem to find help. Which statement indicates to the nurse that a client is feeling separated from society and helpless?
- A. "I'm feeling really isolated from everyone and scared."
- B. "I feel like I cannot get enough food to live any longer."
- C. "I know that I will always be poor so what's the use of trying?"
- D. "People like me are never respected, no matter how well we do."
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. The statement "I'm feeling really isolated from everyone and scared" indicates a sense of separation from society and helplessness. This choice reflects feelings of loneliness and fear, which are common among individuals who feel disconnected and helpless. Choices B, C, and D do not directly convey a sense of isolation and helplessness. Choice B focuses on food insecurity, choice C on a resigned attitude towards poverty, and choice D on lack of respect, none of which directly address the feelings of being separated from society and helpless as indicated in the scenario.
4. Following change-of-shift report on an orthopedic unit, which client should the nurse see first?
- A. 16-year-old who had an open reduction of a fractured wrist 10 hours ago
- B. 20-year-old in skeletal traction for 2 weeks since a motorcycle accident
- C. 72-year-old recovering from surgery after a hip replacement 2 hours ago
- D. 75-year-old who is in skin traction prior to planned hip pinning surgery
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The 72-year-old recovering from surgery after a hip replacement 2 hours ago should be seen first due to the potential for immediate post-operative complications. This patient is in the immediate postoperative period and requires close monitoring for any signs of complications such as bleeding, infection, or impaired circulation. The other patients are relatively stable compared to the patient who just had surgery and therefore can wait for assessment and care without immediate risk. The 16-year-old had surgery ten hours ago, which is longer than the 72-year-old and is at a lower risk for immediate complications. The 20-year-old in skeletal traction for two weeks is stable in his current condition. The 75-year-old in skin traction before planned surgery does not require immediate attention as the surgery has not yet taken place.
5. When caring for a patient diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and circulatory insufficiency, experiencing peripheral neuropathy and urinary incontinence, on which areas does the nurse focus care?
- A. Decreased pain sensation and increased risk of skin impairment
- B. Decreased caloric intake and accelerated wound healing
- C. High risk for skin infection and low saliva pH level
- D. High risk for impaired venous return and dementia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should focus on decreased pain sensation and increased risk of skin impairment due to the patient's conditions. Peripheral neuropathy can lead to decreased pain sensation, making the patient more prone to injuries without realizing it. Additionally, the combination of circulatory insufficiency, peripheral neuropathy, and urinary incontinence can increase the risk of skin breakdown and impaired healing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific issues related to the patient's diagnoses and symptoms.