HESI LPN
Fundamentals HESI
1. A charge nurse is observing a newly licensed nurse prepare a sterile field. Which of the following actions should the charge nurse identify as contaminating the sterile field?
- A. The nurse opens the sterile field on a wet surface.
- B. The nurse turns away from the sterile field.
- C. The nurse uses a non-sterile glove to touch the sterile field.
- D. The nurse touches the edge of the sterile drape with her hand.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Opening the sterile field on a wet surface contaminates it, rendering it unsafe for use. Moisture can carry microorganisms that can compromise the sterility of the field. Choice B is incorrect because turning away from the sterile field alone does not necessarily contaminate it unless the nurse touches non-sterile items. Choice C is incorrect because using a non-sterile glove to touch the sterile field directly introduces contaminants. Choice D is incorrect as touching the edge of the sterile drape with a hand may not necessarily contaminate the entire field, unlike opening it on a wet surface.
2. When discussing risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with a group of pregnant clients, which ethnicity should the nurse identify as having the lowest incidence of GDM?
- A. Asian
- B. Non-Hispanic White American
- C. Hispanic
- D. African American
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Non-Hispanic White Americans have the lowest incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to other ethnicities. This is because GDM is more prevalent among certain ethnic groups, such as Asian, Hispanic, and African American populations. Asian individuals have an increased risk of developing GDM due to genetic factors, while Hispanic and African American populations have higher incidences of GDM due to lifestyle and genetic predispositions. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as Non-Hispanic White Americans generally have a lower risk of developing GDM.
3. Iwa, two years old, was brought to the health center because of diarrhea for 4 days. Assessment revealed that Iwa has under-nutrition. Which of the following actions will you take?
- A. Advise the mother to give milk and juices between meals at home
- B. Give nutritious food available at home
- C. Refer to the hospital for proper management
- D. Provide mother with ORS solution and show her how to give the solution
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In the case of a child with under-nutrition and diarrhea, advising the mother to give milk and juices between meals at home is the appropriate action. This helps address the nutritional needs of the child while also providing hydration. Option B, giving nutritious food available at home, may not be sufficient in addressing immediate needs such as dehydration. Option C, referring to the hospital, may be necessary in severe cases but is not the first-line action. Option D, providing ORS solution, is important but does not directly address the under-nutrition concern.
4. The nurse is discharging an adult woman who was hospitalized for 6 days for treatment of pneumonia. While the nurse is reviewing the prescribed medications, the client appears anxious. What action is most important for the nurse to implement?
- A. Instruct the client to repeat the medication plan
- B. Encourage the client to take a PRN antianxiety drug
- C. Provide written instructions that are easy to follow
- D. Include a family member in the teaching session
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Including a family member in the teaching session is the most important action for the nurse to implement in this scenario. By involving a family member, the nurse can ensure that there is additional support and reinforcement of the medication plan. This can help the client and family better understand and adhere to the prescribed medications, reducing the client's anxiety. Instructing the client to repeat the medication plan (Choice A) may not address the client's anxiety effectively. Encouraging the client to take a PRN antianxiety drug (Choice B) should not be the first intervention without exploring other supportive measures. Providing written instructions (Choice C) alone may not offer the immediate support and reassurance needed for the anxious client.
5. The nurse is assessing a client with cirrhosis who has developed ascites. What is the most important intervention to include in the care plan?
- A. Restrict sodium intake
- B. Encourage high-protein meals
- C. Increase fluid intake
- D. Administer diuretics as prescribed
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to administer diuretics as prescribed. Diuretics are often prescribed to help manage fluid accumulation in ascites, which is a common complication of cirrhosis. Restricting sodium intake (Choice A) is essential in managing ascites, but administering diuretics takes precedence in the care plan. Encouraging high-protein meals (Choice B) and increasing fluid intake (Choice C) are not the primary interventions for managing ascites in cirrhosis.