Nursing Elites

1. A 6-month-old infant who is being treated for developmental dysplasia of the hip has been placed in a hip spica cast. The nurse should teach the parents to

• A. Gently rub the skin with a cotton swab to relieve itching
• B. Place the favorite books and push-pull toys in the crib
• C. Check every few hours for the next day or 2 for swelling in the baby's feet
• D. Turn the baby with the abduction stabilizer bar every 2 hours

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to check every few hours for the next day or 2 for swelling in the baby's feet. Swelling in the baby's feet could indicate compromised circulation due to the cast, and frequent checks are necessary to ensure that there are no complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because rubbing the skin with a cotton swab, placing favorite items in the crib, and turning the baby with the abduction stabilizer bar do not address the potential issue of compromised circulation and swelling in the baby's feet.

2. Which of the following BEST describes the strategies to address the nutrition problems of Filipinos related to non-communicable diseases?

• A. Aiming for ideal body weight
• B. Considering food preferences of family members
• C. Building healthy nutrition-related practices
• D. Choosing food wisely

Correct answer: B

Rationale: While considering food preferences of family members is important in promoting adherence to a healthy diet, the best strategies to address nutrition problems related to non-communicable diseases should focus on evidence-based approaches like aiming for an ideal body weight, building healthy nutrition-related practices, and choosing food wisely to improve overall health outcomes.

3. A client is admitted with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). The client is complaining of chest pain. The nurse knows that pain related to an MI is due to

• A. Insufficient oxygenation of the cardiac muscle
• B. Potential circulatory overload
• C. Left ventricular overload
• D. Electrolyte imbalance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Insufficient oxygenation of the cardiac muscle. Myocardial infarction pain is primarily caused by inadequate oxygen reaching the heart muscle, leading to ischemia and tissue damage. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because circulatory overload, left ventricular overload, and electrolyte imbalance are not the primary causes of chest pain in myocardial infarction. Circulatory overload may lead to other symptoms like edema, left ventricular overload can result in heart failure symptoms, and electrolyte imbalance may present with various manifestations, but none of these directly cause the characteristic chest pain associated with an MI.

4. When a nurse teaches a community about the importance of regular health screenings, this activity falls under which level of prevention?

• A. Primary prevention
• B. Secondary prevention
• C. Tertiary prevention
• D. Quaternary prevention

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat disease early to prevent complications. Teaching about the importance of regular health screenings helps in early detection and intervention, which aligns with the goals of secondary prevention. Choice A, Primary prevention, involves actions to prevent the onset of a health condition. Choice C, Tertiary prevention, focuses on managing and treating existing conditions to prevent further complications. Choice D, Quaternary prevention, relates to actions taken to mitigate or avoid unnecessary interventions, over-medicalization, and the consequences of unnecessary treatment.

5. You attended a home delivery with the Rural Health midwife. The newborn is premature. Which of the following should be included in premature infant care at home?

• A. establishing and maintaining good respiration
• B. proper management of feeding
• C. minimum handling of the baby
• D. regulation of body temperature

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Regulation of body temperature is crucial for the survival of a premature infant. Premature infants have difficulty regulating their body temperature, making it essential to keep them warm. While establishing and maintaining good respiration and proper feeding management are important aspects of infant care, they are not as critical as regulating body temperature for premature infants. Additionally, while minimizing handling to reduce stress can be beneficial, it is not as vital as temperature regulation for premature infants.

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