Nursing Elites

1. What is a key assessment the nurse should perform for a 5-year-old child diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis?

• A. Monitor blood glucose levels
• B. Monitor respiratory rate
• C. Monitor urine output
• D. Monitor for signs of infection

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Monitoring urine output is crucial in assessing kidney function in a child with acute glomerulonephritis. In this condition, there is inflammation in the glomeruli of the kidneys, affecting their ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. Monitoring urine output helps evaluate the kidneys' ability to excrete waste and maintain fluid balance. Options A, B, and D are less relevant in the context of acute glomerulonephritis. Monitoring blood glucose levels is more pertinent in conditions like diabetes, monitoring respiratory rate is important for respiratory conditions, and monitoring for signs of infection is crucial in cases of suspected infections but is not the primary assessment focus in acute glomerulonephritis.

2. When describing urticaria, what would an instructor include?

• A. It is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.
• B. Histamine release leads to vasodilation.
• C. Wheals appear first followed by erythema.
• D. The nonpruritic rash blanches with pressure.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Urticaria is a type I hypersensitivity reaction where histamine release leads to vasodilation and the formation of characteristic wheals. Choice A is incorrect as urticaria is associated with type I hypersensitivity, not type IV. Choice C is incorrect because in urticaria, erythema typically appears before the development of wheals. Choice D is incorrect as urticaria is typically pruritic and does not blanch with pressure.

3. When evaluating the laboratory report of a 1-year-old infant’s hematocrit, a healthcare provider compares it with the expected hematocrit range for this age group. What is the hematocrit of a healthy 12-month-old infant?

• A. 19% to 32%
• B. 29% to 41%
• C. 37% to 47%
• D. 42% to 69%

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct hematocrit range for a healthy 12-month-old infant is between 37% to 47%. At this age, this range reflects the normal blood volume and red blood cell (RBC) levels in infants. Choice A (19% to 32%) is too low for a healthy hematocrit level in a 12-month-old. Choice B (29% to 41%) is also below the typical range for a 12-month-old. Choice D (42% to 69%) includes an upper limit that is higher than expected for a healthy infant, making it an incorrect option.

4. At 2 years of age, a child is readmitted to the hospital for additional surgery. What is the most important factor in preparing the toddler for this experience?

• A. Meeting the child’s wishes
• B. Previous hospitalization experience
• C. Preventing the child from staying with strangers
• D. Ensuring ongoing parental affection

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most important factor in preparing a toddler for additional surgery is their previous hospitalization experience. This familiarity with the hospital setting and procedures can help reduce anxiety and fear in the child. Choice A, meeting the child's wishes, may not always align with what is medically necessary or safe for the child. Choice C, preventing the child from staying with strangers, is important for general comfort but may not directly address the child's preparation for surgery. Choice D, ensuring ongoing parental affection, is crucial for emotional support but may not have the same impact as the child's previous hospitalization experience in preparing them for the surgery.

5. During a primary survey of a child with partial thickness burns over the upper body areas, what action should the nurse take first?

• A. Inspect the child's skin color.
• B. Assess for a patent airway.
• C. Observe for symmetric breathing.
• D. Palpate the child's pulse.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess for a patent airway. When dealing with a child who has sustained partial thickness burns, the priority is ensuring a patent airway due to the risk of respiratory compromise. Checking the child's skin color (choice A) may be important but is secondary to assessing the airway. While observing for symmetric breathing (choice C) is crucial, assessing the airway takes precedence in this situation. Palpating the child's pulse (choice D) is not the initial priority when managing burns and potential airway compromise.

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