HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI 2023
1. While teaching a parent how to prevent accidents while caring for a 6-month-old infant, what motor development ability should be emphasized?
- A. Sits up
- B. Rolls over
- C. Crawls short distances
- D. Stands while holding on to furniture
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rolls over. At 6 months, most infants can roll over, increasing the risk of falls. It is important to emphasize to the parent the need for careful supervision to prevent accidents. While choices A, C, and D are also milestones in infant motor development, rolling over at this age poses a higher risk of accidents due to the increased mobility and potential for falls.
2. What does a positive correlation between two variables indicate?
- A. One variable causes the other.
- B. Both variables move in the same direction.
- C. Both variables move in opposite directions.
- D. There is no relationship between the variables.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A positive correlation between two variables indicates that they move in the same direction. This means that as one variable increases (or decreases), the other variable also increases (or decreases). Choice A is incorrect because correlation does not imply causation; it only shows a relationship between variables. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a negative correlation where variables move in opposite directions. Choice D is incorrect as a positive correlation implies a relationship between the variables.
3. Which of the following is a common barrier to effective communication in healthcare?
- A. Active listening
- B. Cultural differences
- C. Clear language
- D. Empathy
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Cultural differences are a common barrier to effective communication in healthcare. When individuals from different cultures interact in healthcare settings, varying communication styles, beliefs, values, and language barriers can hinder effective communication. This can lead to misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and ultimately impact the quality of care provided. Active listening (choice A) is a communication skill that helps improve understanding and can actually enhance communication. Clear language (choice C) is essential for effective communication and can help overcome barriers, rather than being a barrier itself. Empathy (choice D) is important in healthcare to understand patients' emotions and perspectives, but it is not a common barrier to effective communication.
4. What behavior is essential for preventing in a child postoperatively after undergoing heart surgery to repair defects associated with tetralogy of Fallot?
- A. Crying
- B. Coughing
- C. Straining at stool
- D. Unnecessary movement
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Preventing straining at stool is crucial postoperatively after heart surgery for tetralogy of Fallot to avoid increasing intrathoracic pressure and placing stress on the surgical site. This can help prevent complications and promote faster healing. While crying, coughing, and unnecessary movement are common postoperative behaviors, they are not specifically linked to worsening outcomes in this context. Straining at stool is particularly emphasized due to its potential to impact the surgical site and overall recovery process.
5. How should hydration status be assessed in a child with vomiting and diarrhea?
- A. Check skin turgor and mucous membranes
- B. Measure blood glucose levels
- C. Assess heart rate and blood pressure
- D. Evaluate bowel sounds
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Checking skin turgor and mucous membranes is the appropriate method to assess hydration status in a child with vomiting and diarrhea. Skin turgor is an indicator of skin elasticity, which decreases when an individual is dehydrated. Mucous membranes, such as the inside of the mouth, can also show signs of dehydration like dryness. Measuring blood glucose levels (choice B) is not relevant to assessing hydration status in this scenario. Assessing heart rate and blood pressure (choice C) is important in evaluating the overall condition of a child but may not directly indicate hydration status. Evaluating bowel sounds (choice D) is more related to assessing gastrointestinal function rather than hydration status.