HESI LPN
Leadership and Management HESI Test Bank
1. Jansen is receiving metformin (Glucophage). What will be the best plan of the nurse with regard to patient education with this drug? Select one that does not apply.
- A. It stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin.
- B. It must be taken after meals.
- C. It decreases sugar production in the liver.
- D. It inhibits absorption of carbohydrates.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct choice that does not apply is A. Metformin does not stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin; instead, it works by decreasing sugar production in the liver, inhibiting carbohydrate absorption, and reducing insulin resistance. It is recommended to take metformin with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Option B is incorrect as metformin is usually taken with meals. Option D is also incorrect as metformin does not inhibit the absorption of carbohydrates.
2. The nurse is assessing a client who has been receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for several days. Which complication should the nurse monitor for?
- A. Hyperglycemia
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Hyponatremia
- D. Hypokalemia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypoglycemia. When a client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with a high glucose content, the risk of hypoglycemia is significant due to sudden increases in insulin release in response to the glucose load. The nurse should monitor for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia such as shakiness, sweating, palpitations, and confusion. Hyperglycemia (choice A) is not typically a complication of TPN as the high glucose content is more likely to cause hypoglycemia. Hyponatremia (choice C) and hypokalemia (choice D) are electrolyte imbalances that can occur in clients receiving TPN, but hypoglycemia is the more common and immediate concern that the nurse should monitor for.
3. A nurse is preparing a client for surgery. The client has signed the consent form but tells the nurse that she has reconsidered because she is worried about the pain. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. If you have the procedure now, you won't have to deal with pain and disability later.
- B. You'll be fine. You'll receive a prescription for pain medication.
- C. Why didn't you discuss your concerns with your provider?
- D. I understand and it's not too late to change your mind.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The appropriate response acknowledges the client's concern and confirms that they have the right to change their mind.
4. What is an important aspect of care for a child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
- A. Monitoring electrolyte levels
- B. Restricting physical activity
- C. Administering high doses of vitamin A
- D. Providing a high-protein diet
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitoring electrolyte levels. In the management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, it is crucial to monitor electrolyte levels to prevent imbalances and related complications. Restricting physical activity (choice B) is not a typical aspect of care for this condition. Administering high doses of vitamin A (choice C) is not a standard treatment for congenital adrenal hyperplasia and can be harmful in excess. Providing a high-protein diet (choice D) may be beneficial for some conditions but is not a specific requirement for managing congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
5. What complication of mumps is crucial for adolescents to prevent?
- A. Sterility
- B. Hypopituitarism
- C. Decreased libido
- D. Decreased androgens
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Sterility. Mumps can lead to sterility, particularly in adolescent males, highlighting the significance of vaccination to prevent this serious complication. While hypopituitarism (choice B) can be a potential complication of mumps, it is not as crucial to prevent in adolescents compared to the risk of sterility. Choices C and D, Decreased libido and Decreased androgens, are not direct complications of mumps and are not the primary concerns for adolescents in relation to mumps prevention.