HESI LPN
HESI PN Nutrition Practice Exam
1. What is one characteristic that differentiates vitamins from minerals?
- A. Vitamins are organic compounds.
- B. Vitamins provide energy.
- C. Vitamins are considered micronutrients.
- D. Vitamins are essential in small amounts.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Vitamins are organic compounds, containing carbon, which is a key characteristic that differentiates them from minerals. Choice B is incorrect because vitamins do not provide energy; they are not a source of calories. Choice C is incorrect as both vitamins and minerals are considered micronutrients due to being essential in small amounts. Choice D is incorrect because while it is true that vitamins are needed in small amounts, this is not the characteristic that sets them apart from minerals.
2. Before digital removal of a fecal impaction, which type of enema should the nurse give to loosen the feces?
- A. Oil Retention
- B. Saline
- C. Soapy Water
- D. Hypertonic
Correct answer: A
Rationale: An oil retention enema containing mineral oil is the most suitable choice to help soften and loosen a fecal impaction before digital removal. Mineral oil lubricates and softens the stool, facilitating passage. Saline enemas draw water into the colon to promote bowel movements but may not effectively soften a fecal impaction. Soapy water enemas are primarily for cleansing, not softening stool. Hypertonic enemas eliminate fluid from the body and are not appropriate for loosening fecal impactions.
3. The LPN/LVN is assessing a client's intelligence. Which factor should the nurse remember during this part of the mental status exam?
- A. Acute psychiatric illnesses impair intelligence.
- B. Intelligence is influenced by social and cultural factors.
- C. Poor concentration skills suggest limited intelligence.
- D. The inability to think abstractly indicates limited intelligence.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because intelligence is influenced by social and cultural factors. Social and cultural beliefs can impact how intelligence is perceived and expressed. Choice A is incorrect because acute psychiatric illnesses can affect cognitive functioning but not necessarily intelligence. Choice C is incorrect because poor concentration skills do not always correlate with limited intelligence. Choice D is incorrect because the inability to think abstractly is just one aspect of intelligence and does not solely indicate limited intelligence.
4. When the Public Health Nurse assesses needs and plans health interventions for a group of people in coordination with other health professionals, they are demonstrating which of the following features of community health nursing:
- A. CHN involves interdisciplinary collaboration
- B. The use of an epidemiologic approach is an essential part of nursing practice
- C. CHN is oriented towards populations
- D. CHN encourages the client's participation in determining their own health
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Interdisciplinary collaboration is a fundamental feature of community health nursing. In this scenario, the nurse works with other health professionals to assess needs and plan interventions for a group of people, emphasizing the importance of teamwork and cooperation. Choice B is incorrect because while epidemiology plays a role in community health nursing, it is not the primary focus of this particular situation. Choice C is incorrect as it describes the population-focused nature of community health nursing, which is related but not directly demonstrated in the given scenario. Choice D is incorrect because while client participation is essential in community health nursing, it is not the primary feature demonstrated in the scenario provided.
5. A client with a history of stroke is prescribed warfarin. The nurse should monitor for which potential side effect?
- A. Bleeding
- B. Weight gain
- C. Headache
- D. Dizziness
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bleeding. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by thinning the blood. One of the potential side effects of warfarin is an increased risk of bleeding. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the client for signs of bleeding, such as unusual bruising, blood in the urine or stool, or prolonged bleeding from cuts or gums. Prompt recognition and management of bleeding are essential to prevent complications. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as weight gain, headache, and dizziness are not common side effects of warfarin. Monitoring for bleeding is a priority due to the anticoagulant properties of warfarin.