HESI LPN
Nutrition Final Exam Quizlet
1. What is a key intervention for a child with a new diagnosis of asthma?
- A. Provide a peak flow meter
- B. Limit all physical activity
- C. Increase dairy consumption
- D. Recommend frequent use of nasal decongestants
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide a peak flow meter. Providing a peak flow meter is crucial for a child with a new diagnosis of asthma as it helps monitor asthma control and manage symptoms by tracking changes in airflow. This device assists in assessing how well the lungs are functioning and guides treatment decisions. Limiting all physical activity (choice B) is not recommended as regular exercise can actually help improve lung function in asthmatic children. Increasing dairy consumption (choice C) is not a key intervention for asthma, and recommending frequent use of nasal decongestants (choice D) is not suitable for asthma management in children.
2. A parent of an 11-month-old infant who has a cleft palate asks the nurse why it was recommended that closure of the palate should be done before the age of 2. How should the nurse respond?
- A. “After age 2, surgery is frightening and should be avoided if possible.”
- B. “Eruption of the 2-year molars often complicates the surgical procedure.”
- C. “As your child gets older, the palate gets wider and more difficult to repair.”
- D. “Surgery should be performed before your child starts to use faulty speech patterns.”
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Closure of the cleft palate is recommended before the age of 2 to prevent the development of faulty speech patterns. Performing surgery at a younger age helps avoid speech difficulties that may arise if the repair is delayed. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on fear, not the developmental aspect. Choice B is incorrect as the eruption of molars is not the primary reason for early surgery. Choice C is incorrect because the difficulty of repair is not solely related to the width of the palate but also to speech development.
3. A healthcare professional is planning to perform ear irrigation on an adult client with impacted cerumen. Which of the following should the professional plan to take?
- A. Wearing sterile gloves while performing irrigation
- B. Positioning the client with the affected side down following irrigation
- C. Using cool fluid to irrigate the ear canal
- D. Pulling the pinna downward during irrigation
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Positioning the client with the affected side down following irrigation is crucial as it helps facilitate drainage of the dislodged cerumen and any remaining irrigation solution. This position allows gravity to assist in the removal of the loosened debris. Wearing sterile gloves is a standard precaution in healthcare procedures to prevent infection but is not specific to ear irrigation. Using body-temperature water or a solution at a slightly warmer temperature is recommended to prevent vertigo and discomfort, so using cool fluid is incorrect. Pulling the pinna upward and backward, not downward, straightens the ear canal for adults to facilitate the irrigation process, making choice D incorrect.
4. An adult client is found to be unresponsive during morning rounds. After checking for responsiveness and calling for help, what should the nurse do next?
- A. Check the carotid pulse
- B. Deliver 5 abdominal thrusts
- C. Give 2 rescue breaths
- D. Open the client's airway
Correct answer: D
Rationale: After confirming unresponsiveness and calling for help, the next step in basic life support is to open the client's airway. This ensures that the airway is clear and allows for effective ventilation. Checking the carotid pulse is not necessary at this stage as airway management takes precedence. Delivering abdominal thrusts is not indicated for an unresponsive client as it is for conscious choking individuals. Giving rescue breaths should only be done after ensuring the airway is open to allow for effective ventilation.
5. A client is receiving continuous IV fluid therapy via a peripheral vein in the left forearm. Which of the following findings indicates that the client has developed phlebitis at the IV site?
- A. Erythema along the path of the vein
- B. Pitting edema at the insertion site
- C. Coolness of the client’s left forearm
- D. Pallor of the client’s left forearm
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Erythema (redness) along the path of the vein is a classic sign of phlebitis, indicating inflammation of the vein. This occurs due to irritation or infection at the IV site. Pitting edema (choice B) is not typically associated with phlebitis but suggests fluid overload or poor circulation. Coolness (choice C) and pallor (choice D) of the forearm are not characteristic signs of phlebitis but may indicate impaired circulation or reduced blood flow to the area.