HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI 2024
1. What information should be included in the preoperative plan of care for an infant with myelomeningocele?
- A. Positioning the infant supine with a pillow under the buttocks
- B. Covering the sac with saline-soaked nonadhesive gauze
- C. Wrapping the infant snugly in a blanket
- D. Applying a diaper to prevent fecal soiling of the sac
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Covering the sac with saline-soaked nonadhesive gauze is essential in the preoperative care of an infant with myelomeningocele. This practice helps prevent infection and maintains moisture around the sac before surgery, promoting optimal healing outcomes. Positioning the infant supine with a pillow under the buttocks may be uncomfortable and unnecessary. Wrapping the infant snugly in a blanket does not address the specific care needs of the myelomeningocele. Applying a diaper over the sac can increase the risk of infection and should be avoided in this case.
2. A nurse in the emergency department observes large welts and scars on the back of a child who has been admitted for an asthma attack. What additional information must be included in the nurse’s assessment?
- A. History of an injury
- B. Signs of child abuse
- C. Presence of food allergies
- D. Recent recovery from chickenpox
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Signs of child abuse. Large welts and scars on a child may be indicative of abuse, making it crucial for the nurse to assess and report any suspicions. Assessing the history of an injury (choice A) may not provide insight into the cause of the welts and scars as effectively as looking for signs of potential abuse. Food allergies (choice C) and recent recovery from chickenpox (choice D) are not directly relevant to the observation of welts and scars on the child's back.
3. The caregiver explains to the parent of a 2-year-old child that the toddler’s negativism is expected at this age. What need is this behavior meeting?
- A. Trust
- B. Attention
- C. Discipline
- D. Independence
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Negativism in toddlers is a common behavior at this age as they begin to assert their independence and show a desire to control their environment. Choice A, 'Trust,' does not align with the behavior of negativism, as it is more about the child's growing autonomy. Choice B, 'Attention,' while important for child development, is not the primary need being met by negativism in this context. Choice C, 'Discipline,' though important in guiding behavior, is not the underlying need being expressed through negativism. Therefore, the correct answer is D, 'Independence,' as toddlers exhibit negativism as a way to assert their independence and autonomy.
4. Why should the nurse closely monitor the IV flow rate for a 5-month-old infant with severe diarrhea receiving IV fluids?
- A. Limiting output
- B. Replacing lost fluids
- C. Avoiding IV infiltration
- D. Preventing cardiac overload
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Preventing cardiac overload. Infants are highly vulnerable to fluid overload, making it essential to carefully monitor IV flow rates to prevent complications such as cardiac overload. Rapid administration of IV fluids can lead to an excessive increase in circulating volume, potentially causing cardiac strain or heart failure in infants. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Monitoring the IV flow rate is not primarily aimed at limiting output, replacing lost fluids, or avoiding IV infiltration in this scenario. The key concern is to prevent the risk of cardiac overload due to the infant's susceptibility to fluid imbalances.
5. A healthcare provider is assessing a child with suspected bacterial meningitis. What clinical manifestation is the healthcare provider likely to observe?
- A. Photophobia
- B. High fever
- C. Rash
- D. Nasal congestion
Correct answer: B
Rationale: High fever is a key clinical manifestation of bacterial meningitis due to the inflammatory response in the meninges. Photophobia, choice A, is also commonly observed due to meningeal irritation, but it is not as specific as high fever. Rash, choice C, is more indicative of conditions like meningococcal meningitis rather than bacterial meningitis. Nasal congestion, choice D, is not typically associated with bacterial meningitis. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
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